INSECTS INJURIOUS TO AGRICULTURE IN JAPAN 21 



Dasychira pudibunda (lift) is distributed through all the sections 

 under consideration except Okinawa, and is occasionally abundant 

 upon apple, attacking pear and various forest trees also. There are 

 two broods a year, the adults of the first emerging the middle of 

 May and those of the second early in August. Hibernation is in the 

 pupal stage in a rough cocoon in a folded leaf. The eggs are laid 

 in rows upon twigs, there being about 300 in each cluster. The dura- 

 tions of the egg, larval, and pupal stages (first generation) are ap- 

 proximately 10, 45, and 10 days, respectively. 



The limacodid Parasa sinica (8) is common in Chosen as a minor 

 pest upon practically all deciduous-fruit trees with the exception of 

 peach. There are two generations a year, and the winter is passed 

 in the larval stage within the conspicuous egglike cocoons upon the 

 branches. The first brood of adults appears in early June and the 

 second about the middle of August. The eggs are laid in clusters 

 upon the undersides of the leaves and hatch in from six to nine days. 



Another limacodid, common upon pear in Japan, Chosen, and 

 China, is Gnidocampa (Miresa) flavescens, the so-called oriental moth 

 of the eastern part of the United States. In the pear-growing sec- 

 tions in the vicinity of Mount Fuji the species is particularly 

 abundant, and in some years it is quite numerous upon plum in the 

 Tokyo-Yokohama section. There is one brood each year, and the 

 winter is passed in the mature larval stage within the cocoons upon 

 the tree. These cocoons are similar in form to those of P. sinica, 

 but have different markings. Control of this and the preceding 

 species is secured by the collection of cocoons during the winter, 

 these being very conspicuous upon the branches when the leaves are 

 absent. In central Japan this pest is at times heavily parasitized 

 by the tachinid Chatexorista javana B. & B. This same parasite 

 is recorded as very effective upon Setora nitens Wlk. in Java, 87.7 

 per cent of its host being killed by it. It has not as yet been re- 

 corded upon this host in Taiwan. 



The pyralid Melitene hifedella (96, 107) occurs in Hokkaido and 

 Honshu in Japan proper, and in Chosen as a pest of pear. There is 

 one brood each year, the winter being passed usually in the third 

 larval stage. Pupation occurs in Chosen in June, the adults appear- 

 ing the latter part of that month. In northern Japan they are not 

 found until early July. The eggs are deposited upon the leaves 

 and hatch in two weeks. The larvae are nocturnal in habit, feeding 

 upon the younger leaves at night and resting during the day in 

 tunnels formed from various materials. The greatest damage is 

 that done to the young foliage by the mature larvae during the 

 early spring. Control measures are the collection of adults at 

 lantern traps and spraying in the early spring with Sapporo 

 solution. 



The zygaenid Illiberis pruni (96, lift) (occasionally referred to in 

 literature as /. sinensis Wlk.) is found in northern Japan, Chosen, 

 China, and Siberia, and attacks pear, apple, and cherry, being par- 

 ticularly serious upon the first-named. There is one brood each year, 

 and the winter is passed in the larval stage in crevices in the bark. 

 The larvae feed in the spring upon the buds and young foliage, and 

 the adults emerge in midsummer. For control, spraying with Sap- 

 poro solution in August, shortly after the eggs have hatched, is 

 recommended. 



