74 CIRCULAR 16 8, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



recently published an extended account of this insect and its habits. 

 Two or three generations are produced each year, and the winter is 

 passed in the adult stage in sheltered places, hibernation beginning 

 in December and extending to the following August. The eggs are 

 laid singly upon the foliage in wounds made by the mandibles of the 

 female beetles. Pupation occurs in the soil. The duration of the 

 egg, larval, and pupal stages was found to average 14, 16, and 11 days, 

 respectively. In the laboratory the females under observation pro- 

 duced an average of 1,244 eggs each. 



Phyllotreta sinuata {95) is a major pest of radish and turnip in 

 Taiwan and Japan, particularly in northwestern Honshu, and it 

 attacks sugar beet and melons also. Four or five generations are 

 produced annually, and the winter is passed in the adult stage in the 

 soil, in rubbish or in other sheltered places. The first generation in 

 the spring is found upon wild Cruciferae whereas the following ones 

 attack the cultivated vegetables. The eggs are laid singly on the 

 undersides of the leaves and hatch in about 10 daj^s. The larvae 

 mine the leaves and mature in about one week. The pupal period of 

 approximately 15 days is passed in the soil. The injury inflicted is 

 largely due to the feeding of the adult beetles and is noticeably in- 

 creased during periods of dry w T eather. According to Takahashi 

 {185) the larvae feed at the roots rather than mine the leaves, and 

 this habit is also reported by Kuwayama {78), who states that the 

 species has three generations each year in Hokkaido. Upon sugar 

 beet the injury is confined largely to the feeding of the adults upon 

 the foliage of seedlings and of the young plants in the field. 



From the divergence in habit noted above it is evident that the 

 same name is being applied to two distinct species. P. sinuata in 

 North America and elsewhere is a leaf miner, and the root-feeding 

 form here discussed must be of some other species. 



In the sections under consideration, the turnip sawfly, Athalia 

 colibri {8), occurs only in Chosen, but it extends to Siberia and 

 Europe. It is a particular pest of turnip, but also feeds upon other 

 Cruciferae. Two generations are produced each year, the first brood 

 of adults appearing early in May and the second early in August. 

 The eggs are laid beneath the epidermis of the under side of the leaf 

 and hatch in from 7 to 10 days. The larval stage of both genera- 

 tions usually covers about two weeks and the pupal stage three weeks. 

 The variety japanensis {95), which occurs in Hokkaido and Honshu, 

 has a similar history, though the first-generation adults appear in 

 June rather than May. The most common species upon Cruciferae, 

 however, is A. japonica {196), which is found throughout Japan and 

 Taiwan. The control method suggested is the knocking of the larvae 

 from the plants into trays and destroying them. 



Anthonnyia flavopicta {95) is a common pest of radish and turnip 

 in Japan. Three or four generations are produced each year, and 

 the insect hibernates in the adult stage. The eggs are laid at the base 

 of the plant and hatch in 10 days. The young larvae burrow into 

 the roots, and their feeding is followed by the decay of the plant. 



EurydewM pulohrwrm {165) feeds extensively upon the foliage of 

 radish and turnip in Japan and Taiwan. There are two genera- 

 tions each year, the adults of which, in the vicinity of Tokyo, appear 

 in May and June and September and October. 



