AMERICAN TOBACCO TYPES, USES, AND MARKETS 71 
ganizations, or offices from which their buying may be directed, the 
actual purchasing and handling being done by domestic dealers. 
In numerous foreign countries the production and manufacture of 
tobacco is a government monopoly. This is true of Japan, France, 
Italy, Sweden, Spain, and most or all the Balkan countries. In some 
other countries, notably Germany, foreign trade in tobacco is regulated 
by the government by restrictions upon the purchase of foreign 
4 
q 
j 
AMA 1550 
Ficure 34.—Dealer-owned tobacco from which the casks have been removed 
incident to its sale. Prospective purchasers prefer to examine each hogshead 
of tobacco before accepting delivery, although many purchases are made upon 
the basis of samples. 
exchange, not only as to the total amount available to a given individ- 
ual or company, but as to the amount allowed for use in particular 
countries. Under this mechanism orders for the purchase of tobacco 
frequently are placed with countries on the basis of trade agreements 
or to promote policies of state rather than on the basis of the manu- 
facturers’ or consumers’ preferences (28). (See also Governmental 
Factors, p. 101.) 
Tue HocsHEzap MARKET 
Previous to the development of loose-leaf sales it was customary 
for traders and growers to pack their tobacco in hogsheads (an opera- 
tion known as prizing) in which form it could be readily shipped or 
hauied to market. At the market the hogshead was removed from the 
tobacco, and samples were drawn by official inspectors. To obtain 
