AMERICAN TOBACCO TYPES, USES, AND MARKETS 89 
OUTLETS FOR AMERICAN TOBACCO 
The outlets for American tobacco are the export trade and domestic 
manufacture of the commonly known products—cigars, cigarettes, 
smoking and chewing tobacco, and snuff—and the less well-known 
byproducts such as nicotine sulfate and tobacco extract. In all 
countries tobacco-consuming habits have undergone wide changes 
which have had important effects upon American tobacco production. 
With respect to our domestic export trade in unmanufactured 
tobacco, the effects of changing character of tobacco consumption in 
foreign countries have been heightened by increasing production of 
tobacco abroad, increased competition which American tobaccos 
encounter in foreign markets, and, since the World War of 1914-18, 
increasing trade barriers erected by many foreign countries in pur- 
suance of governmental policies (28). A brief survey of these various 
factors will aid in understanding the major changes in tobacco produc- 
tion that have occurred in the past or are now in progress. 
Domestic MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS 
CIGARS 
The cigar industry began as a farm and household enterprise. Shops 
employing skilled cigar makers began to appear after 1800, and larger 
factories gradually evolved from these. The making of cigars on farms 
disappeared, but the small shop persisted as an important phase of the 
industry throughout most of the nineteenth century (/). Since the 
perfection of cigar-making machinery in recent years, the evolution of 
the industry into fewer and larger establishments has been rapid, and 
the class of household and small-shop manufacturers has dwindled to 
insignificant proportions. An indication of the changes that have 
occurred in the last 20 years is given in table 25. 
TABLE 25.—Number of cigar manufacturers, classified as to number of cigars 
manufactured, specified years 
Year to to to 
250,000 | 500,000 | 1,000,000 | 5 00,000 | 10,000,000 | 20,000,000 | 40,000,000 | 29-000,000 
(9 2(eae (1) 13, 149 510 620 178 85 25 11 14, 578 
19 262eee (1) 9, 281 281 399 147 74 42 23 10, 247 
19S iaeeae 6, 490 174 117 203 51 46 25 32 7, 138 
193 Zee 6, 324 170 117 198 58 37 21 27 6, 952 
1933 esaee= 6, 006 164 123 194 59 34 17 23 6, 620 
193422. es 5, 517 191 134 185 57 34 14 28 6, 160 
IGS) aoe se 5, 112 184 119 166 48 30 23 27 5, 709 
L930 4,718 184 112 144 46 32 29 27 5, 292 
WOR ose ene 4, 315 173 103 135 38 33 27 29 4, 853 
1OSR ES 2 See 3, 934 153 * 104 125 35 25 26 28 4, 430 
1939 Rees 3, 666 132 98 111 34 28 20 32 4,121 
1940 U2 25 3, 330 138 98 90 - 28 25 23 30 3, 762 
! Included in classification of 250,000 to 500,000. 
Compiled from annual reports of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. 
Changes in organization of the cigar industry have entailed changes 
in output on the one hand, and in the production and marketing of 
tobacco on the other. In place of great numbers of small shop owners 
who purchased tobacco grown locally or imported for them by leaf 
