AMERICAN TOBACCO TYPES, USES, AND MARKETS 97 
is also derived from low-grade leaf of the fire-cured and dark air-cured 
types. 
Most of the product is sold in the form of nicotine sulfate of 40 
percent concentration, although solutions of 30, 20, and 10 percent 
are also sold. Some is sold as ‘‘pure’”’ nicotine, of 50-, 82-, 95-, and 
99-percent strength. It is estimated that the total American pro- 
duction of nicotine products is equivalent to approximately 1,000,000 
pounds of the pure alkaloid, and that there is consumed annually in 
its manufacture about 60,000 tons of factory offal and stems, and from 
10 to 20 million pounds of low-grade leaf. Some nicotine also is 
derived as a byproduct of the ‘‘extract’’ business, which is discussed 
below. 
Exports of nicotine sulfate, shown in table 27, have been fairly 
large, and were increasing uptil the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939 
interfered. 
Tobacco Extract—The byproduct industry also manufactures 
tobacco saucing extract. It is obtained almost entirely from fire- 
cured and dark air-cured tobacco by a cooking process applied to leaf 
tobacco. The resulting liquid is concentrated to a standardized 
basis. This material is used by European manufacturers as a base 
for sauce or dip to flavor the spinning type of chewing tobacco. In 
the manufacture of these sauces some manufacturers recover a portion 
of the nicotine from the original sauce. 
TABLE 27.—United States exports of nicotine sulfate, by countries, for specified 
years 
Country to which exported 1929 1931 1933 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 
Pounds | Pounds | Pounds | Pounds | Pounds | Pounds | Pounds | Pounds 
Se] UT eee ee ee eh ra 36, 480 0 0 0 4, 250 0 0 0 
TAT COM es eee eee rune ar 9, 888 20, 555 6, 701 0 656 11, 000 0 0 
Germany 22 2 tere a 2,817 | 35,148 | 3,633 0| 24, 243 0 | 20, 440 0 
INORWAVe tees er ea ee 2, 047 2, 940 15, 829 10, 851 15, 090 10, 090 11, 328 10, 000 
Wnitedtkansdom=s se 6, 387 0 6, 000 7, 000 1, 888 0 2, 000 0 
@anad aa Se eee 52, 919 84, 664 29, 454 22, 887 34, 114 56, 270 | 108,303 | 109, 772 
INICXICORT Sa. ye eee eel 7,481 1,455 | 16,985 8, 493 6,514 | 10,589 9, 567 8, 061 
Cr Bes ees ee ee 3, 611 4,719 450 5, 958 5, 516 1, 200 9, 702 3, 146 
ATO ON LIMA eee eee eee oe 2, 500 0 3, 000 9, 195 9, 410 14, 525 11, 500 15, 500 
Braz cee oe 3 ear ee oa 2,700 0 0 3,902 | 4,910 5, 068 0 0 
IEG Ab a ee ae Se Ree ee ee 2, 400 0 0 705 0 200 500 4,105 
Win Ct aye te See see 4, 000 985 0 0 1, 000 1, 450 0 1, 000 
a ee ee ee ee et 3, 000 4, 210 30 10 15, 000 190 0 12 
UEC Se ie ee a eee 66, 472 56, 296 10, 288 | 186, 580 | 261,746 | 266,657 | 201,923 | 233, 398 
AIStN ANAS Sao be eee 34, 641 17, 902 46, 375 58, 295 88, 453 94, 836 90, 631 68, 676 
INewaZealandnae sane i DP 17, 237 12, 154 21, 707 24, 936 39, 567 29, 877 33, 150 
IB yg Lae oe eames ae Sameera Me 7415000) Oy |e 24 S50) ei742210) e843 0 0 0 
Union of South Africa_______- 0 1, 035 879 4, 837 2, 672 1, 934 1, 681 5, 432 
Othericountrics= === 4, 280 1, 246 855 | 16.476 2, 487 3, 863 3, 564 8, 570 
AMO} ATN Lee een CAE i Ses 251, 395 | 248,392 | 155,483 | 369,117 | 541,028 | 517,439 | 501,016 | 500, 822 
Dollars | Dollars | Dollars | Dollars | Dollars | Dollars | Dollars | Dollars 
Walieeere t-te ak: mee ae ke 217,622 | 203, 260 89,105 | 173, 802 | 272,440 | 317,317 | 303,518 | 302, 629 
Walue per pound ==- 4.2922 . 8657 . 8183 . 5731 . 4709 . 5036 . 6132 . 6058 . 6043 
Compiled from Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States and official records of the Bureau 
of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. 
Tobacco extract is produced for export only and is marketed in 
Europe. In normal times Germany takes from 85 to 90 percent of 
the output. 
The exports of extract in recent years are shown in table 28. 
440715—42—_7 
