36 



CIRCULAR 171, U. S, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



He goes on to say that combination of small into large enterprises, 

 mechanization, and concentration of industries, all of which might 

 increase mechanical and commercial efficiency, are not sound policy 

 for a country like Germany, because they would entail heavy sacrifice 

 of social values. 



Table 26 shows that 57 percent of the persons employed in sawmills 

 and veneer plants in Germany in 1925 were in small- and medium- 

 sized enterprises, which included 94 percent of the plants. It also 

 shows that there were more large mills in northeastern Germany (East 

 Prussia, Brandenburg) and a high percentage of small mills in the 

 southwest (Bavaria, Baden, Wurttemberg). Small enterprises domi- 

 nated most of the other wood-using industries to an even greater 

 extent, with the notable exception of pulp and paper. Pulp and paper 

 mills are generally fairly large. 



Table 26. — Sawmills and certain other wood-using enterprises in Germany, 1925, 

 classified by size of plant and total employment x 



Industry and location 



Small plants (1 to 

 5 persons) 



Medium plants (5 

 to 50 persons) 



Plants ' Persons ; Plants < Persons 

 included employed included employed 



Large plants (over 

 50 persons) 



Plants Persons 

 included employed 



Sawmills and veneer plants: 



Prussia 



East Prussia 



Brandenburg 



Westphalia 



Rhine Province 



Bavaria 



Saxony 



Baden 



Thuringia 



Wurttemberg 



All plants 



Furniture 



TS oodenware 



Containers 



Wagons, etc 



Wooden toys 



Pulp and paper 



Percent 

 47 

 31 

 23 

 56 

 60 

 68 

 49 

 68 

 53 

 74 



Percent 

 5 

 3 

 2 



Percent 

 45 

 53 

 63 

 38 



Percent 

 48 



Percent 



Percent 

 47 

 56 

 52 

 53 

 49 

 34 

 48 

 44 

 26 

 26 



37 



49 



43 



79 



26 



19 



43 



2 



89 



32 



10 



32 



1 



93 



41 



6 



27 



1 



96 



58 



4 



17 



1 



87 



36 



11 



3o 



2 



11 



(-) 



50 



10 



39 



i Based on Dieterich (10). Small enterprises average 1 to 2 persons; medium enterprises average 10 to 20; 

 large enterprises average about 100. 

 ' Less than 0.5 percent. 



Under the new planned economy it is proposed gradually to do away 

 with existing large mills in the cities — in Berlin and Munich, for exam- 

 ple — and establish more mills close to the forests. This will accom- 

 plish a twofold purpose: It will help to decentralize population and 

 increase the stability of rural communities, and it will make possible 

 closer utilization of timber and reduction of imports of foreign wood. 

 This trend is being stimulated by regulations issued under the 1935 

 law for control of timber marketing (Marktordnung), which requires 

 the permission of the Reich's Forestry Department before a new saw- 

 mill or woodworking plant may be established or an old one enlarged, 

 or before one that has been closed down for more than a year may 

 resume operation. One of the avowed purposes of this regulation is 

 the gradual relocation of the industry, so that it may be better 

 adjusted to sustained domestic supplies of timber. 



