48 CIRCULAR 4 71, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



300 inhabitants depend entirely on forest work. The soil is so poor that a family 

 cannot make a living on 60 acres of cultivated land. Most of the forest workers 

 have 3 to 5 acres of land; all keep geese and a few have goats, cows, or horses. 



12. Another 13,000-acre State forest in East Prussia. Pine. Annual cut 

 1,235,000 cubic feeet (normal cut 935,000 cubic feet) . Foresters, 9 to 10. Labor- 

 ers, 50 year long (about 11 months) ; about 150 for 4 to 5 months (now 6 months 

 owing to abnormal cutting) . These part-time workers are mostly building workers 

 rather than farmers, although most of them own small fields or lease them from the 

 State. Most of them raise their own potatoes and vegetables, and many keep 

 cows, which are pastured in openings in the forest. 



13. A 12,000-acre State forest, also in East Prussia. Pine. Annual cut 675,000 

 cubic feet. Employs 120 workers for 8 months. 



14. A 10,000-acre State forest in East Prussia. Pine. Annual cut 560,000 

 cubic feet. Employs 60 workers for 5 months and a few throughout the year. 



15. A 5,500-acre State forest in Bavaria. Spruce, hardwoods, and pine! Em- 

 ploys 26 year-long workers, 43 temporary laborers for an average of about 3 

 months, and about 30 women for 4 to 6 weeks in planting and weeding (cleaning) 

 plantations. 



16. A 220-acre communal forest of hardwoods and spruce, in Wurttemberg. 

 Annual cut 7,200 cubic feet. Operation of this forest requires 200 to 300 man- 

 days of work a year, which is divided among the 30 families owning the forest. 

 Workers receive M3 ($1.20) a day, and as owners share in the net income from the 

 forest. 



17. A 3,500-acre State forest in Saxony. Spruce, pine, and hardwoods. An- 

 nual cut 140,000 cubic feet of stem wood, or 176,000 cubic feet including branch 

 wood. Foresters and office staff, four. Permanent workers, 17; temporary workers, 

 48 women. 



18. A 3,700-acre State forest in Wurttemberg. Beech (53 percent), spruce (36 

 percent), miscellaneous hardwoods and conifers. Annual cut about 260,000 cubic 

 feet; plant about 50 acres a year. Six or seven foresters, etc.; these have to super- 

 vise management of 2,400 acres of communal forests and 570 acres of private 

 forests, in addition to managing the State forest. State forest alone employs 102 

 workers, a few of them practically full-time, but most of them only during the 

 winter (at least 3 months). Many are carpenters, bricklayers, or other village 

 workers, and most of them own small subsistence farms. 



EXAMPLES OF EMERGENCY WORK UNDER RELIEF PROGRAMS IN GERMANY 



1. Adenau communal forest (Prussia). Converted 750 acres of oak coppice 

 by planting conifers; built 2.36 miles of new road and improved 7.9 miles of old 

 road; cleared 30 acres of State forest land for agricultural use. Enough wood 

 was cut from the coppice area to pay for the cost of cutting it, and the timber 

 from the cleared land nearly covered the cost of clearing (the land was subse- 

 quently rented for $10 to $18 an acre). These projects required 50,141 days' 

 work (6% hours) by emergency workers and 5,625 man-days by the Labor Service, 

 all in 1934. Emergency workers received 45 pfennigs (18 cents) an hour. (1, 16: 

 924.) 



2. Linichen forest (Prussia). Prepared soil and planted areas defoliated by 

 insects, did intensive cultural work in young plantations, and sprayed planta- 

 tions against leaf -cast fungus. In 1932 employed 58 relief workers for a total 

 of 2,154 days; in 1933, 42 workers for 4,247 days; and in 1934, 16 workers for 722 

 days. This freed the surrounding communities of unemployment. The labor 

 office contributed toward the cost at the rate of RM 3 per man per day. (1, 16: 



3. Grimnitz forest (Prussia). In 1934, up to October 31, employed relief work- 

 ers to the extent of 4,750 man-days and "free" workers 700 days on road con- 

 struction. This took care of all local unemployment (1, 16: 1067). 



4. Freienwalde forest (Prussia). In winter of 1933-34 employed 40 to 50 

 relief workers for 3,040 days on soil improvement and cultural operations, prun- 

 ing, and road building. Built one-half mile of road to open up timber hitherto 

 inaccessible. Two communes in the district employed 150 men getting out stone 

 from their forests for road building (1, 16: 996). 



5. Communal forest district of Wittlich (Prussia), embracing the forests of 

 14 communes. Employed about 100 persons for 5 months (11,460 man-days) 

 in converting and planting 97 acres of coppice forest, release cutting (weeding) 

 on 700 acres, and construction of 3.54 miles of new road (1, 16: 607). 



6. Grohnde forest (Prussia). In fiscal year 1933 employed 187 workers for 

 16,000 days, besides many of their teams, all on road construction and mainte- 

 nance. This kept several communities free from unemployment for several 



