FORESTS AND EMPLOYMENT IN GERMANY 



25 



Table 19. — Maximum and average hourly wages for adult male workers, with extra 

 allowance for heads of families, in Bavarian Stale forests in 1913 and 1924-33 





Maximum 



Average 



Date effective 



Maximum 





Date elective 



Base rate 



Extra al- 

 lowance 



Base rate 



Extra al- 

 lowance 



Average 



1 13-. - 



Pfennigs 



33 

 35 

 50 

 55 

 63 

 68 

 71 



Pfennigs 

 

 3 

 3 

 3 

 3 

 3 

 3 



Pfennigs 

 28.6 

 33.7 

 40.5 

 44.8 

 49.5 

 53.2 

 56.6 



October 1928 



December 1929 



February 1931 



November 1931 



January 1932 



October 1932 



February 1933 



Pfennigs 

 75 



73 

 63 

 55 

 53 

 51 



Pfennigs 

 4 

 4 

 4 

 4 

 4 

 4 

 4 



Pfenn^s 

 66.0 



Niay 1924. 



68.0 



( ctober 1924 



March 1925 



July 1925 



65.7 

 58.5 

 53.0 



'-Bril 1927 



February 1928 



53.0 



50.7 



The standard employment agreement (6) adopted in October 1931 

 prescribed an 8-hour day and 48-hour week (or 40 hours if mutually 

 agreeable), with 25 percent additional pay for overtime and 50 per- 

 cent additional for work on Sundays, holidays, or between 8 p. m. 

 and 6 a. m. Three basic rates of hourly wages were established, 

 according to locality, 12 and it was provided that wages for various 

 c] asses of workers would be the following percentages of the base 

 rate : 



Men and boys: Percent 



16-18 years 60 



18-20 vears 90 



Over 20 vears 100 



V/omen and girls: 

 16-18 vears 



Percent 

 __ 45 



18-20 rears 



Over 20 vears 



55 



60 



Married workers (heads of families) got 4 pf. an hour more, and 

 Avorkers living in camps during the week 9 pf. more. Foremen got 

 at least 4 pf. more than ordinary laborers, and persons engaged on 

 especially hazardous work, 9 pf. extra. An allowance of 8 percent of 

 wages was given for upkeep of tools and equipment to persons skid- 

 ding and hauling timber; wood cutters in the plains received 4 per- 

 cent for this purpose, and wood cutters in the mountains 5 percent. 

 Tools for felling and skidding (axes, saws, w edges, cant hooks, hand 

 sleds, hoes, and shovels) are sold to the workers at a fixed price, or 

 at market price if that should be lower. The Forest Service provides 

 and maintains planting and road-building tools and heavy equipment 

 such as stump pullers. 



Vacation with pay is allowed after 1 year's service, at the rate of 2 

 days for 170 to 200 days, or 3 days for more than 200 days' service 

 in the preceding j~ear, increasing by 1 day for each year's service up 

 to a maximum of 10 days' vacation. Absence on account of illness 

 not to exceed 3 weeks in a year is counted as employed time in com- 

 puting the vacation allowance. 



Average daily earnings in various kinds of work in the Bavarian 

 State forests are shown in table 20. 



The higher average wages for logging are explained by the fact that 

 this work is done almost entirely by adult men, and also b}^ the fact 

 that 75 to 85 percent of it is paid for on a piece-work basis. In 1933, 

 87 percent of the regular loggers were paid at piece rates, but only 8 

 percent of the emergency workers were so paid. Earnings in road 



> 2 As of February 



iry 27, 1933. these rates were 51, 47, and 45 pf. (12.1, 11.2, and 10.7 cents) an hour. 



42404°— 38 4 



