FORESTS AND EMPLOYMENT IN GERMANY 7 



in the State forests. The operation of the State forests of this section 

 gives two and one-half times as much employment and yields about 

 two and one-half times as much timber per hectare as in the State 

 forests of the Upper Palatinate, which have been impoverished by 

 centuries of litter removal. 



The wide difference between 1.61 days' work per acre in Prussia 

 and 2.81 days' in Wurttemberg, shown in tables 1 and 3, is partly 

 the result of differences in character of the forests and in intensity of 

 management. A major portion of the work is in logging and in con- 

 struction and upkeep of roads. Other things being equal, the volume 

 of work in logging, and to some extent in road building and main- 

 tenance, tends to vary with the volume of timber cut. The annual 

 cut in the State forests of Wurttemberg averaged 81 cubic feet per 

 acre; in the other three States, 64 to 72 cubic feet. When related to 

 volume of timber cut, the differences in work volume are less striking 

 than when related to area, as shown in table 5. 



Table 5. — Differences in work volume, as between 4- German States, in terms of 

 timber area and of volume cut 





Volume of work 



State 



Volume of work 



State 



Per acre 



Per M 

 cubic feet 



Per acre 



Per M 

 cubic feet 





Days 

 1.6 

 1.6 



Days 

 22.6 

 24.0 



Bavaria . 



Days 

 1.9 



2.8 



Days 

 26.7 





Wurttemberg . 



32.1 









More or less fragmentary data on employment were collected in 

 several forests that were visited in 1935. These included State, 

 communal, and private forests scattered from the southwestern to 

 the northeastern parts of the country. The composite data for 

 eight forests consisting chiefly of pine and eight that are mostly spruce 

 are shown in table 6. 



Table 6. — Employment in 8 pine and in 8 spruce forests in various parts of Germany 



Item 



Pine forests 



Spruce for- 

 ests 



Wooded area .... --.... 







114, 000 

 6, 000, 000 



65,500 









6, 600, 000 









Workers: 



530 

 720 



760 







do 



680 







do__- 





Total 



1,250 



1,440 







do—. 





Full-time equivalent 



775 



193, 750 



1.7 



32.3 



860 



215,000 



3.3 







—do . 



Per 1,000 cubic feet cut 





do- 



32.6 



Estimated on basis of 250 days' employment for a full-time worker. 



It will be noted that in these cases, at least, the amount of employ- 

 ment tends to vary with the volume of timber cut rather than with 

 area. This is to be expected, for logging and cultural measures con- 

 stitute a large proportion of forest work. 



