U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



independent industrial enterprises and the workers engaged therein, 

 but they contribute in many ways toward the stabilization of agricul- 

 tural enterprises and the farm population. The combination of agri- 

 culture and forestry enables many parts of the country to support 

 many more people than could the farm land alone. 



CLASSIFICATION OF FOREST WORKERS 



Workers are commonly classified as permanent or regular employees 

 (standige Arbeiter or Stammarbeiter) and occasional or casual workers 

 (unstandige or Gelegenheits arbeiter). The regular workers include 

 those who work practically all the year, with forestry as their principal 

 occupation, and seasonal (halbstandige) workers whose main occupa- 

 tion is agriculture or industry, but who work in the forests year after 

 year, generally in the fall and winter. In some parts of Prussia, 

 workers who are available for work at any time when called or who 

 live in forest houses are classed as permanent employees even though 

 they may not work in the forests most of the year. In Bavaria, those 

 who work at least 200 days a year are so classified; in Baden the line 

 is drawn at 150 days; and in Wurttemberg at 100 days. In Brunswick 

 only those who work practically throughout the year are classed as 

 standig, but those employed for 60 days or more year after year are 

 considered regular workers. 



Complete statisticts on employment in German forests are lacking. 

 There are fairly detailed figures, however, for the State forests in 

 several of the larger States, among them Prussia, Bavaria, Wurttem- 

 berg, and Brunswick. 



EMPLOYMENT IN THE STATE FORESTS OF PRUSSIA 



The State forests of Prussia (%4-Y embraced an area of approximately 

 6,200,000 acres on March 31, 1935, or 300,000 acres more than in 1925. 

 The timber-producing area ("forest soil") was about 5,300,000 acres 

 in 1925 and about 5,600,000 acres in 1935. The total annual timber 

 cut during the 10-year period averaged 390,000,000 cubic feet. The 

 average area planted annually was 66,000 acres; the area seeded, 

 39,500 acres. The numbers of laborers employed and the average 

 duration of employment are shown in table 1 . 



The figures in table 1 correspond closely to those for pre-war 

 years. In 1908 there were 173,600 workers, but the area of State 

 forests was considerably larger. The average number of days worked 

 was 60, and total employment aggregated 1.6 days per acre of timber 

 area (29). 



EMPLOYMENT IN THE STATE FORESTS OF BAVARIA 



The Bavarian State forests (5) embraced a total area of 2,304,000 

 acres at the beginning of 1924, and 2,343,000 acres at the end of 1933. 

 The net timber area was 241,000 and 245,000 acres, respectively, 

 less than the total area. The annual cut from 1924 to 1933 averaged 

 approximately 147,000,000 cubic feet. About 3,300 acres a year was 

 sown and about 21,000 acres was planted. Table 2 shows the volume 

 of employment during the period 1924-33, and the numbers of persons 

 employed in 1925 and 1931, the only years within this period for which 

 such figures are reported. 



* Numbers in italics refer to Literature Cited, p. 45. 



