DIAGNOSING BEE DISEASES IN THE APIARY 7 



APPEARANCE OF THE COMBS AND CAPPINGS 



In healthy brood combs, where a normal queen has been laying, 

 there is a certain regularity in the arrangement of areas containing 

 eggs, larvae, pupae, and emerging bees (fig. 2, A), and the cappings 

 are convex and uniform in appearance (fig. 3, ^4). In a colony in- 



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Figure 5.— Symptoms of American foulbrood in larva and pupae : A, healthy pupa ; B-F, 

 stages in the decay and drying of pupae ; G, scale of dead larva, lateral view ; H, scale 

 of dead pupa, lateral view. 



fected with American foulbrood the brood is more or less irregularly 

 arranged, depending on the degree of infection. Great irregularity, 

 due to the intermingling of cells of healthy brood with uncapped 

 and capped cells of dead brood and cells with punctured and sunken 

 cappings, is sometimes spoken of as the "pepperbox" appearance (fig. 



