278 NORTHERN ZOOLOGY. 



horn, for half its length, is dull white, and is rough, with small longitudinal splinters of 

 unequal length ; beyond that, it is smooth and shining, and near the point it becomes black. 

 The head is large and broad, and the nose is very obtuse. The nostrils are oblong openings 

 that incline towards each other from above downwards. Their inner margins, for the breadth 

 of three lines, are naked, and they are united for half an inch at their base. There is no other 

 vestige of a muzzle; the rest of the end of the nose, the middle part of the upper lip, and 

 the greater part of the lower lip and chin, are covered with a close coat of short, white hairs. 

 There is no furrow on the upper lip. The remainder of the head, anterior to the horns, is 

 covered with very dark umber-brown hair, which is long and bushy towards the root of the 

 nose, giving an arched appearance to the facial line, which does not exist in the scull. There 

 is also a quantity of long, straight hair, on the lateral margins of the mouth, and sides of the 

 lower jaw. The eyes are moderately large, and the hair immediately round them is shorter 

 and paler than on the rest of the cheeks. The ears are short, and being similar in colour to 

 the long hair on the hind head, are not very conspicuous. 



The general colour of the hair of the body is brown. On the neck and between the 

 shoulders it is long, matted, and somewhat curled, and has more or less of a grizzled hue, 

 being of a dull brown colour, fading on the tips into brownish-white. The bushy appearance 

 of the hair on these parts causes the animal to seem humped. The hair on the back and 

 hips is also long, but lies smoothly ; and on the shoulders, sides, and thighs, it is so long as 

 to hang down below the middle of the leg. On the centre of the back it has a soiled brownish- 

 white colour, forming a mark, which is aptly termed by Captain Parry the saddle ; the colour 

 of the hips is a darker brown ; and on the thighs, sides, and belly, its surface is nearly 

 blackish-brown. The hair on the throat and chest is very straight and long, and, together 

 with the long hair on the lower jaw, hangs down like a beard and dewlap. The tail is so 

 short, as to be concealed by the fur of the hips. There is a large quantity of fine brownish- 

 a?h-coloured wool or down among the hair covering the body. 



The legs are short and thick, and are clothed with short, dull, brownish-white hair, 

 unmixed with wool. The hoofs are narrower, and not longer than those of the caribou, but 

 are so similar in form, that it requires the experience of a practised hunter to know the 

 difference of the impressions they leave in the soil. 



The cow differs from the bull, in having smaller horns, whose bases, instead of touching, are 

 separated by a hairy space, and in the hair on the throat and chest being shorter. It is also 

 considerably smaller than the bull. 



