VOLUNTEER POLICE FOR PROVINCE WELLESLEY. 197 
about 20,000. As both married and unmarried women hold lands 
and other property, marriage not affecting the right of the wife in 
her estate, real or personal, the influence of the Katuas and Péng- 
hilus embraces a much larger number of persons than appears 
from the Rolls. 
15. In conclusion, I venture to remark that while the village 
organization may with advantage be permanently maintained for 
some of its purposes, | would contemplate a gradual curtailment 
of the duties of the heads, as the progress of cultivation and, with 
it, of the revenue enables Government to make adequate provision 
for Police, Conservancy, District Courts, and Schools in North 
Province Wellesley. If we had a sufficient number of in- 
telligent and trained policemen, the regular employment of village 
constables would be unnecessary and objectionable. At present 
many of the policemen are not better educated or more intelligent, 
and are probably less trustworthy, than the least promising of the 
Malays selected by the villagers as their headmen. 
I have, &c., 
J. R. LOGAN. 
Permatang Bertain, 
22nd November, 1867. 
Note to para: 7. 
*The late Colonel Low, for so many years Superintendent of Province 
Wellesley, described this class graphically, and his remarks apply not only 
to the Jawi-pakans properly so called, but to all descendants of Indians 
born and brought up in the Settlement. ‘“A Jawi-pakan is the offspring 
of a man of Hindustan [India] and a Malayan woman [or a descendant of 
such an union]. He inherits the boldness of the Malay and the subtlety, 
acuteness and dissimulation of the Hindoo [Indian]. He is indefatigable 
- in the pursuit of wealth and most usurious in the employment of it when 
gained. Few employments come amiss to him. He cloaks ignorance where 
it exits, or makes up for it by pretence and zeal. His fingers seem to have 
a chemical affinity for the precious metals; he avoids downright theft, yet the 
transit of money or money’s worth through the former is ata discount varying 
in amount according to his calculations of detection. He is cringing to 
superiors, Overbearing, and, where there is no check on his conduct, tyranni- 
cal to inferiors; like one of the feline tribe when it has changed its quarters, 
he carefully obtains a perfect acquaintance with all the trapdoors, outlets 
and hiding crevices of the portion in which he is placed. Thus secured he 
makes the most of that position. If he holds a public situation, he tries to 
balance his peculations or malpractices with the above chances of escape, and 
generally succeeds, and should this fail he compounds for safety with his 
defrauded creditors and dupes, and quashes informations. It is not here 
intended to include a whole class in the above description, yet it is to be 
feared that exceptions to the picture are fewer than could be wished. When 
under strict management, the Jawi-pakans are undoubtedly a very useful class 
