198 VOLUNTEER POLICE FOR PROVINCE WELLESLEY. 
the Straits, and might not conveniently be dispensed with.”—Dissertation, | 
a c. 
The class of these men in the public offices are mostly related by plood or 
marriage. The progenitors were Jawi-pakans of Kédah, but while some of 
the pr resent Ist and 2nd cousins are not distinguishable from Malays, others - 
are hardly distinguishable in person from Klings. The paid Police Pénghtlus, 
the collectors of Government rents and Municipal rates, the land measurers, 
the shrofts, ee Writers and ee have always largely belonged to 
this family alliance, which also includes several of the leading men of the 
jumahas, many of the principal Malay and Kling (Pinang born) merchanis, 
and maintains a hereditary connection with the Kédeah Court. Members of 
it are often emploved by the Raja of Kédah as kranis and land-measurers. 
Captain LIGH?, ina despatch to the Supreme Government of India, dated 
12th September, 1786, gives, in the course of a J report on the state of affairs in 
Kédah, a strong instance of the extent to which the cunning of Datives of 
india and their descendants sometimes enables them to rule Malays. “ Datu 
Sri Raia (formerly named ISMAL, and a common coolie) is now the King’s 
merchant; he is a deep, cunning, villainous Chuliah. By working on the King’s 
pusillanimity and raising jealousies, he reduced the power of the great 
men and exgrossed the whole of the administration, by preferring only such 
as he thought attached to himself. -To save the King from pretended as- 
sassinations, he built a small brick fort and built him up as im a cage; no one 
dares presume to go to audience without his knowledge. If he found any 
of the great men likely to get into favour, he bribed them to his interest, 
By meonopolising every species of commerce, and oppressing the Malays, he 
found means to supply the King’s necessities without his having the trouble to 
enquire how it [the money] came.” ‘He [the king] receives likewise a deal 
in presents and fines. Every person who has any demand to make, or suit to 
prefer, first presents a sum of money which he thinks adequate to the demand; 
if the King approves of the sum he signs the paper, and his suit is obtained, 
unless another person comes with greater sums.” This would serve as an account 
of the administration of justice in the Malay States at the present day. 
The Colonial Chinese (Babas) by intermarrying among themselves, and the 
women with pure Chinese, have largely eliminated the criginal Malay half- 
blood. They are distinguished by their conceit and forwardness; but have 
more softness and amenity of manner than the Jawi-pakans; retaining, in 
this respect, the impress of their Malay decent and association. They are 
intelligent, bold and pushing, and some of the leading men of the Secret 
Societies, notably the head of the Twa-peh-kong, are drawn from this class. 
it is through their intimacy with the town Jawi-pakans and the Malay heads 
of the jumahas that the latter societies have been so easily brought into al- 
liance with the former, notwithstanding the ban placed by Mahomedanism 
on all friendly association with “ infideis.” It should be added that there is 
a considerable class composed of Jawi- pakans, Babas and Malays who are 
oted for their “ fast” lives, and many of whom are led on from gambling 
and licentiousness to theft and other crimes. Their recklessness and love of 
mischief and excitement render them a dangerous element in the societies, 
to which large numbers of them belong. 
The Chinese are gradually pushing their way among the Malays of North 
Province Wellesley, and as they increase in numbers and wealth, the Malays 
borrow money from them whenever they can, become more dependent on 
them and more liable to be seduced into joining their societies. At present 
