ON MINES AND MINERS IN KINTA, PERAK. 307 
At the time of the opening of a mine he has to erect a 
geng-gulang and to call upon the tutelary hanfu of the 
Jocality to assist in the enterprise. The fee for this is one bag 
(karong; of tin sand. 
At the request of the miners, instead of a geng-gulang, a 
kapala nasi may be erected, as cheaper and more expedi- 
tious. The fee is one gantang of tin sand. 
He also assists in the ceremony of hanging the ancha in 
the smelting house, his principal associate in this is the 
“Panglima Khan,” who draws the ancha up to its proper 
position close under the attaps. 
1. Raw cotton must not be brought on to a mine in any 
shape, either in its native state or as stuffing of bolsters or 
— 
lows :—He had to visit ali the mines from time to time especially 
those from which tin ore was being removed; if the daily out-put 
of tin suddenly decreased on any mine it was his business at once 
to repeat certain invocations (puja ) to induce the tin-ore to re- 
main (handak di-pulth balik sapaya jangan mengorang biji). Once 
in every two or three years it was necessary to carry out an im- 
portant ceremony (peja besar) which involved the slaying of three 
buffaloes and a great feast, the expense of which had to be borne 
by the pawang. Onthe day of the puja besar strict abstinence 
from work was enjoined on every one in the district, no one 
might break ground or even pull up weeds or cut wood in the 
whole province. Further, no stranger whose home was three 
days’ journey away, might enter one of the mines under a penalty 
of twenty-five dollars. 
The pawang was entitled to exact from the owners of mines a 
customary payment of one slab of tin (or $6.25 in cash) per an- 
num for every sluice-box (palong) in work during the year. 
In any mine from which the tin-ore had not yet been removed 
it was strictly forbidden to wear shoes or to carry an umbrella; 
no Malay might wear a sarong. 
The Chinese miners, always superstitiously disposed, used (under 
Malay rule) to adhere to these rules and submit to these exactions 
but since 1875 the pawang has found his occupation and income, in 
Larut at all events, gone. 
Ep. 
