420 OCCASIONAL NOTES. 
the same direction; but this time it comes, not from Conti- 
nental India, but from Ceylon, an island which, though tho- 
roughly Indianized in religion and manners, has yet some 
remarkable affinities with the further East. This last impulse 
has never entirely worn out; and as the Western world in 
general has looked to Rome, and the Russian world to Con- 
stantinople, rather than to Jerusalem, as the immediate seats 
of ecclesiastical sanctity, so these Indo-Chinese nations look 
still, in a degree, to Ceylon as the metropolis of their faith. 
We have spoken of the Indian influence that can be traced 
largely, not only in religion, but in manners, architecture, and 
nomenclature ; and indeed the foreign religion necessarily © 
affects all of these. Throughout the hundred principalities 
and kingdoms of Indo-China we find, in the etiquette of 
royalty, in the forms of royal palaces and of court ceremonial, 
an extraordinary identity, pointing to ancient Hindoo usage ; 
the titles of the princes and dignitaries almost universally 
embrace sonorous terms of Sanskrit, or rather of Pali (bearing 
to Sanskrit much the same relation that Italian does to Latin), 
that dialect in which the sacred books are read in een)! in 
Burma, Siam, and Camboja.* 
As regards nomenclature, we hear from the Chinese tra- 
veller Hiouen Thsang (c. 640), of the existence in this region 
of great kingdoms bearing Hindoo designations, such as 
Dvaravati, Ramanadvipa, and Maha-Champa. The last, a 
name hardly quite extinct yet in the South of Cochin China. 
was borrowed from a famous Indian State upon the Ganges ; 
Camboja was named from a region beyond the Indus ; another 
region in the same quarter, Gandhara, the Gandarites of Ptolemy, 
namely, the country round Peshawar, lent its name to Yunnan, 
now a province of China, but still bearing in Burmese state ~ 
papers the classic Indian title; Ayodhya, the ancient city of 
Rama, from which is corrupted our modern Oudh, gave its 
*In Java, where there are all the like traces of Indian influence, only in 
more ample measure, we find the very title of Avya, ie., ‘ Noble or Excellent,’ 
which has been adopted as the distinctive note of our Inde-Germanic races, 
assumed by every one claiming nobility, among a people in blood and 
character so diverse from our own. 
