44 



PROFESSOR D. J. CUNNINGHAM 



(44) Retzius, Anders, " Bemerkungen liber das Antrum pylori beim Menschen und einigen Saugethieren," 



Miillers Archiv, 1857. 



(45) Rossbacu, Deutsches Archiv fur klinische Medicin, 1890, xlvi., p. 296. 



(46) Roux and Balthazard, " Note sur les fonctions motrices de l'estomac du cbien," Comptes Rendii de 



la Societe de Biologie, 10 e serie, 1897, p. 704. 



(47) "Etude des contractions de l'estomac chez l'homme a l'aide des rayons de Roentgen," Archives de 



Physiologie, cinquieme serie, tome x., 1898. 



(48) Schwyzer (quoted by Monnier in " Ueber angeborene Pylorussteuose im Kindesalter und ilire 



Behandlung," Inaugural-Dissertation, Universitat Zurich, 1900, p. 27). 



(49) Starling, Article on " Digestion," Text-book on Physiology, edited by Schafer, vol. ii., p. 321. 



(50) Struthers, "Two Cases of Double Stomach,'' Monthly Journ. of Med. Science, Feb. 1851; also 



published in Anatomical and Physiological Observations, 1854. 



(51) Symington, Quain's Anatomy, 1895. 



(52) " Physiological Variations in the Shape and Position of the Liver," Kdin. Med. Journ., Feb. 1888. 



(53) Thomson, John, "On Two Cases of Congenital Hypertrophy of the Pylorus and Stomach Wall," 



Edinburgh Hospital Reports, vol. iv., 1896. 



(54) "On Congenital Gastric Spasm," Scottish Medical and Surgical Journal, 1897. 



(55) " On Defective Co-ordination in utero as a probable factor in the causation of certain Congenital 



Malformations," Brit. Med. Journ., Sept. 6, 1902. 



(56) Waterston, David, Edinburgh Stereoscopic Atlas, 1905. (Thorax — Back, No. 4.) 



(57) "Watson, Francis Sedgwick, " Hour-glass Stomach," Annals of Surgery, xxxii., 1900, p. 56. 



(58) Williams, W. Roger, " Ten Cases of Congenital Contraction of the Stomach, with remarks," Journ. of 



Anat. and Phys., vol. xvii., 1883, p. 460. 



(59) Willis, Opera omnia, Amstelsedami, 1682. 



(60) Soemmerring, Samuel Thomas von, " Bemerkungen iiber den Magen des Menschen," Denkschriften 



der ki'miglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Miinchen, 1821-1822, Band viii., p. 70. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 



Lettering common to all the figures 



P.C. Pyloric canal. 

 P.V. Pyloric vestibule. 

 P.O. Pyloric orifice. 

 D.P.C. Duodeno-pyloric constriction. 

 S.C. Sphincteric cylinder. 

 S.R. Sphincteric ring. 



B.S. Part of gastric tube formed by the body of 



the stomach. 

 O.F. Oblique muscular fibres of stomach. 

 T.F. Transverse or circular muscular fibres of 

 the stomach. 

 D. Duodenum. 



Plate I. 



Fig. 6. The stomach of a full-time foetus viewed from the front. It was hardened in situ by formalin 

 injection. It shows very well the incisura angularis in the lesser curvature, the sulcus intermedius in the 

 greater curvature, the pyloric canal and the pyloric vestibule. The arrows are directed towards the incisura 

 angularis and the sulcus intermedius respectively. (Specimen F 2.) 



Fig. 7. The stomach of a young chimpanzee viewed from above. The same specimen is seen in situ in 

 fig. 13, and it will be observed that it is horizontal in position. The same characters are present in the pyloric 

 part as in the specimen figured in fig. 6. Note, however, the small size of the pyloric vestibule, and also the 

 large size of the fundus. 



