98 



DR SUTHERLAND SIMPSON AND DR J. J. GALBRAITH ON 



early hours of the morning, when it is lowest. Hale White and Washbourn (8) give 

 the mean rectal temperature as 38 '4° C. This average figure was obtained from two 

 rhcesus monkeys, the observations, 22 in number, being made at different hours between 

 8.30 a.m. and 11.45 p.m. on seven consecutive days; none were made between 

 midnight and 8.30 a.m. Aruch (9) from 17 observations found it to be 38*3, Couty 

 (10) (5 observations) 38*1, Richet (11) (2 observations) 38 - 35, and Lefevre (12) 

 38*5. These were all taken during the day. 



In thirty-one monkeys (macacus) we have made 393 observations on the temperature 

 of the axilla, and 331 on that of the rectum, mostly between 5 and 6 p.m., a few between 

 2 and 3 p.m. and between 9 and 10 a.m., and the mean for the axilla is 38'6, for the 

 rectum 38*5. In one monkey (XXX.) on which observations were made continuously 

 for a week, the forenoon mean (between midnight and noon) was, for the axilla 37'1, 

 for the rectum 36 '9, and the afternoon mean (noon to midnight), for the axilla 38*3, 

 for the rectum 38 "2 ; while for the whole period it was, axilla 37 "8, and rectum 37*6. 



39' 



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12 1 2 3 4 5 6 



8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Hours 



Fir. 16. — Compounded curves from all the monkeys for first day of fore-period 

 (continuous line), first day (interrupted line), and last day (crossed line) of 

 starvation period. 



In another monkey (XXXI.) under the same conditions it was, for the forenoon, 

 axilla 37'9, rectum 37 "6, for the afternoon, axilla 387, rectum 38'4, and for the whole 

 period, axilla 38 "2, rectum 38*0. In five monkeys in which two-hourly observations were 

 made continuously for fifteen days (Period I. and first part of Period VI.) on the axilla 

 only, the forenoon mean was 37"7, the afternoon mean 38'5, while for the whole time 

 it was 38 "1 (786 observations). 



The normal temperature of the monkey may be stated then to be about one degree 

 centigrade higher than that of man. Richet says that the rectal temperature of man 

 in health varies between 36 '4 and 37 '6 ; the mean may be taken as 37*2 ; it is about 

 2° C. below the temperature of most mammals and 5° C. below that of birds. Thus 



