( 261 ) 



X. — Contributions to the Craniology of the People of the Empire of India. 

 Part III. : Natives of the Madras Presidency, Thugs, Veddahs, Tibetans, and 

 Seistanis. By Principal Sir Wm. Turner, K.C.B., D.C.L., F.R.S. (With Four 

 Plates.) 



(Read June 4, 1906. Issued separately July 26. 1906.) 



CONTENTS. 

 PART III. 



Introduction 261 



Madras Presidency 261 



Tamil Sudras, Trichinopoly .... 261 



Pariahs 266 



Badaga, Nilgiris, skull 270 



„ „ skeleton 271 



Thugs 276 



Veddahs, skull 282 



,, skeleton 284 



Tibetans 288 



Lhasa, skull 289 



Kham, skull 290 



Physical Characters and Affinities of Tibetans . 292 



Seistanis 298 



Sagittal Sections 301 



Addendum — Tamil Sudra 305 



Explanation of Plates 309 



Introduction. 



Since the publication in the Transactions of this Society of Part II. of my Contribu- 

 tions to Indian Craniology,* I have prepared for publication descriptions of additional 

 series of skulls, both from India itself and from countries with which the Government 

 of India has had diplomatic relations in recent years. From the Presidency of Madras 

 I have obtained specimens of the Tamil-speaking Southern Dravidians, of Pariahs, and 

 the skeleton of a Badaga. I have examined and described an interesting series of 

 the skulls of the professional stranglers or Thugs. Some additional skulls of the 

 Veddahs of Ceylon, with one of which the other bones of the skeleton had been pre- 

 served, have also been presented to the Anatomical Museum of the University. To 

 former pupils attached as medical officers to the expeditions to Tibet and Seistan I 

 am indebted for skulls from those countries. Thirty-nine specimens are described in 

 this part, and their measurements are recorded in the tables. 



MADKAS PRESIDENCY. 



Tamil Sudras, Trichinopoly. Table I. 



In July 1901 I received, through the courtesy of my friend Lieut. -Col. W. B. 

 Bannerman, I.M.S., twelve skulls collected by direction of Lieut.-Col. W. A. Lee, 

 I.M.S., in the native cemetery at Trichinopoly, near the banks of the river Cauvery, 

 the burying-ground of the caste of the Tamil Sudra. They were of persons who 



* Part I. of these Contributions appeared in the Transactions, vol. xxxix. part 3, 1899; Part II. in vol. xl. part 1, 1901. 

 TRANS. ROY. SOC. EDIN., VOL. XLV. PART II. (NO. 10). 36 



