262 PRINCIPAL SIR W. TURNER ON 



had reached adult life, and two were aged. Seven were without doubt males, and 

 five had female characters. As they showed a want of uniformity in the relations 

 of the length and breadth of the cranium, and in the proportions of the nasal region, 

 they cannot well be considered in a common description. 



In general form and proportion two male skulls (A and B) were brachycephalic, the 

 cephalic index being 83*2 and 80*8 respectively, whilst a third (C), with the index 79*1, 

 so closely approached A and B that it should be placed along with them. 



Norma verticalis. — A was rounded in outline ; the vertex was somewhat flattened, 

 and the slope outwards to the parietal eminences, which were distinct, was gentle ; the 

 side walls bulged somewhat, and the interparietal diameter was the widest part of the 

 cranium. The parieto-occipital region was flattened, especially on the right side, as if 

 local pressure, applied in infancy, had caused an obliquity. B and C were not so 

 rounded in outline, they were broadly ovoid ; the sagittal line was somewhat raised and 

 the slope to the parietal eminences was steeper than in A. The side walls bulged some- 

 what, the parieto-occipital slope was steep though not so flattened as in A. In all 

 three skulls the parieto-squamous diameter much exceeded the interzygomatic, and 

 the Stephanie was more than the asterionic diameter. The crania were cryptozygous. 



Norma lateralis. — In all the crania the forehead receded slightly, the glabella 

 and supraorbital ridges were moderate, the nasion was depressed in C but not in A and 

 B. In A the parietal longitudinal arc was the shortest and the frontal exceeded the 

 occipital ; in B and C the parietal was the longest and the occipital the shortest. A 

 and B rested behind on the cerebellar fossae of the occiput, C on the mastoids. 



Norma facialis. — The floor of the nose was separated by a sharp border from the 

 incisive region, and the maxillo-nasal spine was moderate. The nasal region was 

 narrow, and the bridge of the nose was moderately projecting and concave. The 

 maxillary part of the face was relatively long. The upper jaw did not project forwards. 

 The orbital borders were thicker in C than in A and B, and in it also the canine fossae 

 were deep and the infraorbital suture was present : the orbital apertures were low. 

 The palato-maxillary arch was wide and horseshoe-shaped. 



The cranial sutures were simple and not obliterated. No skull was metopic. In A 

 the occipital squama was almost equally divided into a mesial and two lateral parts, 

 but the suture between the mesial and right lateral had nearly disappeared. The basion 

 had a mesial 3rd condyl and the lateral condyls were flattened ; a right paracondylar 

 process, the free end of which was smooth, as if articular, was present. In B the 

 parietal and sphenoid scarcely articulated in the pterion, but in the other skulls their 

 suture was broad. The teeth were for the most part lost, but when present were 

 stained with betel. 



The mean dimensions in the three crania were as follows : glabello-occipital length, 

 174 mm.; basi-bregmatic height, 140 mm.; parieto-squamous breadth, 141 mm.; 

 horizontal circumference, 507 mm. ; vertical transverse circumference, 436 mm. ; 

 longitudinal circumference, 499 mm. The crania were of moderate dimensions in ex- 



