264 PRINCIPAL SIR W. TURNER ON 



ternal measurements. In A and B the vertical index was less than the cephalic, but 

 in C the height was more that the breadth. The mean vertical index was 80*6, 

 hypsicephalic, and the mean length-breadth index was 81, brachycephalic. As the 

 breadth-height index in A and B was less than 100, the index was platychamsecephalic* 



In each skull the jaw was orthognathous, the maxillo -facial index was leptoprosopic, 

 the orbits were microseme, the palate was hyperbrachyuranic ; the nasal index in two 

 was leptorhine, in the third mesorhine. The nasio-malar index ranged from 111*8 to 

 113*1, and the mean was 112"6. 



The intracranial capacity ranged from 1290 to 1380 c.c, and the mean of the 

 series was 1323 c.c. 



The other skulls (D to M), measured in Table L, had, as regards five, the cephalic 

 index below 75, and were dolichocephalic ; the remaining four ranged in the index from 

 75*3 to 77*1 ; they were in the lower term of the mesaticephalic group and were 

 approximately dolichocephalic. They had reached adult life and two were aged. 

 Four were males and five were apparently females. 



Norma verticalis. — The crania were elongated and relatively narrow. In the 

 females the parietal eminences were projecting. D and H were somewhat flattened at 

 the vertex. In four crania the sagittal line was slightly raised and the slope downwards 

 to the parietal eminences was well marked. The crania had a gradual slope downwards 

 in the parieto-occipital region, which in some specimens was flattened from side to side : 

 the occipital squama bulged a little backwards. The side walls as a rule were not 

 bulging. In several crania the greatest parieto-squamous breadth only slightly 

 exceeded the interzygomatic diameter. The Stephanie was more than the asterionic dia- 

 meter, except in one specimen where they were equal. The skulls were cryptozygous. 



Norma lateralis. — In the males the forehead sloped gently backwards, the glabella 

 and supraorbital ridges were moderate, and the nasion was a little depressed. In the 

 females the forehead was nearly vertical, the supraorbital ridges were feeble, and the 

 nasion was scarcely depressed. The bridge of the nose was usually short, it projected 

 somewhat forwards and downwards, was as a rule concave, but in G, I, and L it had a 

 tendency to flattening. In all the crania the occipital longitudinal arc was the shortest : 

 in four the parietal arc was longer than the frontal, in two they were equal. Three 

 crania rested behind on the mastoids, five on the cerebellar fossae, one on the occipital 

 condyls (PI. VIII., figs. 37-39). 



Norma facialis. — The floor of the nose was separated from the incisive region of 

 the maxilla by a ridge which in some was sharp but in others was low and smooth. 

 The maxillo-nasal spines were moderate. The upper jaw did not project forwards. In 



* In my memoir on the Craniology of the People of Scotland (Trans. Boy. Soc. Edin. vol. xl. part iii. p. 599, 



1903), I have specially referred to the relations of the breadth to the height of the cranium, and have computed 



. ,,. , . . , . , . ,, ... , , , basi-bregmatic height x 100 TTT , ... , ,.„ i1 



a breadtli-licight index from the iollowing formula: r— — -. ,-^r- . When the index exceeds 100 the 



parieto-sqnainous breadth 



skull is hyj)sistenocephalic, a high, narrow skull ; when less than 100, jjlatychamcccephalic, a wide, low skull. 



