CRANIOLOGY OF PEOPLE OF INDIA. 265 



three the anterior nares were wide, in two they were narrower and more elongated, in four 

 they were intermediate in character. The maxillary region of the face was moderately 

 long. In several specimens the orbital borders were thickened, and in two the infra- 

 orbital sutures were present. In E the canine fossae were deep. The orbital apertures 

 were usually low, but in one specimen the opening was rounded. The palato-maxillary 

 arch was variable. 



The cranial sutures were simple, but in three they were almost entirely obliterated, 

 although in one of these indications of the frontal suture were visible. In all the 

 parieto-sphenoid articulation was well marked. In four crania one or two small 

 Wormian bones were in the lambdoid suture. There was no 3rd condyl, but in two 

 crania the jugal processes were tuberculated. 



In the group of nine skulls, dolichocephalic or approximating thereto, the mean 

 dimensions of four males were : glabello-occipital, 174*7 mm. ; basi-bregmatic, 136 mm. ; 

 greatest breadth, 130 *5 mm. ; horizontal circumference, 4932 mm. ; vertical transverse, 

 420*7 ; total longitudinal, 498 '2 mm. Compared with the mean dimensions of the three 

 brachycephalic males, the mean length and longitudinal circumference were almost alike 

 in both groups, but the mean height, breadth, horizontal and vertical transverse cir- 

 cumference were distinctly greater in the brachycephali. 



In the five female dolichocephali the mean corresponding dimensions were : length, 

 173*8 ; height, 131'2 ; breadth, 129'2 ; horizontal circumference, 490 ; vertical transverse 

 circumference, 404*4; longitudinal circumference, 489*4 mm. In the mean length, 

 breadth, and horizontal circumference the males did not much exceed the females, but 

 in the male dolichocephalic group, the height, vertical transverse and longitudinal 

 circumference were materially greater than in the females. 



The intracranial capacity of the males ranged from 1240 to 1320 c.c, and the mean 

 was 1271 ; the range in the females was from 980 to 1305, with a mean 1187 c.c. It 

 is seldom that a woman's skull is less than 1000 c.c, though three Australians which 

 I have measured were 930, 946, and 998 c.c. respectively. # Presumably in all such 

 cases the stature had been low and the general physique feeble. 



In this group of nine skulls the height in seven was more than the breadth, the 

 vertical index was therefore greater than the cephalic, but in two skulls these indices 

 were equal. The mean vertical index was 76*5, hypsicephalic ; the mean cephalic index 

 was 74*5, dolichocephalic. The breadth-height index in these skulls was above 100, 

 and they were hypsistenocephalic. 



As regards the mean proportions of the face the upper jaw was orthognathic, 95*9 ; 

 the maxillo-facial index was leptoprosopic in three, mesoprosopic in four, and the mean, 50, 

 was mesoprosopic ; the nasal index was platyrhine in three, mesorhine in four, leptorhine 

 in two, and the mean, 51, was mesorhine ; the nasio-malar index ranged from 107*4 to 

 113*4, and the mean was 110*5, so that the nasal bridge projected moderately and the 



* See my memoirs on Human Skulls and Skeletons in Challenger Reports, part xxix. p. 35, 1884, and part xlvii. 

 p. 122, 1886. 



