CRANIOLOGY OF PEOPLE OF INDIA. 275 



The proportion between the thigh and the leg was estimated by taking the oblique 

 length of the femur and the condylo-astragalar length of the tibia as in the following 



formula — ^ sl — . Owing to the inequalities in the length of these bones 



femoral length 



in opposite limbs, the right tibia was to the femur as 81 to 100, and the left as 83'7, 



which figures are the tibio-femoral index. On the proportion shown by the longer of 



the two limbs it may be regarded as dolichoknemic. The relative lengths of the upper 



arm and thigh may be estimated from the maximum lengths of the humerus and 



femur in the formula ? . Computed by the method of M. Broca, the 



lemur 



femoro-humeral index in this skeleton is 70 ; the humerus was shorter therefore in 



relation to the femur than in Europeans. 



M. Broca has a formula for estimating the relative length of the upper and lower 



limbs, and obtaining an intermembral index from the maximum length of the bones : 



humerus + radius x 100 mi -, ,■>■ i -, , ■ ~ n , • -, 



^ 7T -. . Ihe index in this skeleton is 70, which points to a propor- 



iemur + tibia 



tion between the shafts of the two limbs not unlike that found in Europeans. 



The stature calculated from the length of the femur and tibia would probably have 

 been about 5 feet 3|- inches. 



The Badagas are one of the five native tribes which occupy the Nilgiri Hills. 

 Unlike the Todas, Kotas, Kurumbas, and Irulas, they are not regarded as an aboriginal 

 race, but are supposed to have migrated from Mysore about three hundred years ago.* 

 They are Hindus, are engaged in agriculture, and speak a language which closely 

 resembles old Kanarese. They numbered in Madras and Coorg in 1901 (census) 

 34,229 people. 



Mr Edgar Thurston has given a description of the physical characters based on the 

 examination of forty living Badagas.t The mean stature was 164"1 cm. (5 ft. 4^ in.) ; 

 the mean length of the head, 189 mm ; breadth, 136 mm ; cephalic index, 71 '7, with a 

 maximum 77"5 and a minimum 66'1 ; the nasal index ranged from 88'4 to 62"7, with 

 the mean 75 - 6. In colour they were lighter than the other hill tribes, especially the 

 women ; they were smooth-skinned, of slender build, with narrow chest and shoulders. 

 Mr Thurston does not appear to have had the opportunity of examining a Badaga 

 skull. As I have only had a single specimen, my data are too few to formulate a 

 general statement, but the cephalic index, 77*3, of the skull, was almost on a par with 

 the maximum index, 77*5, of the living person obtained by Mr Thurston, and consider- 

 ably higher than the mean, 71 '7, of the index computed from his measurements. Thus, 

 whilst the mean index was distinctly dolichocephalic, individuals had the cephalic index 

 in the lower half of the mesaticephali, and the skull which I have measured came into 

 the latter group. 



* Ross King, Journal of Anthropology, No. 1, p. 18, July 1780. J. W. Breeks, Primitive Tribes and Monuments 

 of the Nilagiris, London, 1873. 



t Bulletin Madras Government Museum, vol. ii., No. 1, p. 7, 1897. 



