280 PRINCIPAL SIR W. TURNER ON 



An analysis of the measurements recorded in Table III. gives the following results. 

 The maximum length of fourteen specimens ranged from 171 to 187 mm., and the mean 

 was 179 mm. The greatest breadth ranged from 126 to 137 mm., and the mean was 

 130'6 mm. The mean cephalic index was 72'9. It is to be noted that in seven 

 specimens the absolute length exceeded 180 mm., and in these the highest cephalic index 

 was 72'5 and the lowest 67 '7 : the dolichocephalic proportion was therefore strongly 

 marked. In the remaining seven the length varied from 171 to 176 mm., and the 

 cephalic index ranged from 73*9 to 77'8 and the mean was 75"3, a fraction higher than 

 the highest numerical term of the dolichocephali. 



In eleven in which the height was taken it ranged from 123 to 135 mm., and the 

 mean was 130"7 mm. The mean vertical index was 73*3, i.e. metriocephalic. It should 

 be noted that in only four skulls did the height exceed the breadth, and in these the 

 highest cephalic index was 74 ; but in three other skulls, with cephalic indices 71 '7, 72*5, 

 73 "9 respectively, and therefore dolichocephalic, the breadth exceeded the height. In 

 some skulls therefore the breadth-height index was platychamsecephalic, in others 

 hypsistenocephalic. 



As regards the proportions of the face, the upper jaw varied in the degree of pro- 

 jection : four skulls were orthognathous, six mesognathous, one prognathous, and the 

 mean of the series was 98*4, mesognathous or a moderate projection. In only two could 

 the complete facial index be computed, and the proportion of length to breadth was 

 mesoprosopic. The maxillo-facial index was computed in all the skulls : one was chamse- 

 prosopic, three mesoprosopic, seven leptoprosopic, and the mean of the series, 51*1, was 

 leptoprosopic, i.e. a relatively long and narrow face. The nasal index showed consider- 

 able variation : three were leptorhine, two platyrhine, nine mesorhine, and the mean, 

 49 - 8, was mesorhine. No skull was platyopic in the profile of the nose, which as a rule 

 had a fair extent of projection. In three skulls the orbital aperture was rounded and 

 with megaseme index, in three it was low and microseme, in the remainder mesoseme, 

 and the mean of the series, 8 5 '5, was mesoseme. In the palato-maxillary arch four were 

 dolichuranic, four brachyuranic, and two hyperbrachyuranic, and the mean, 1136, was 

 mesuranic : the form of the arch generally was moderately wide. 



The mean intracranial capacity of ten skulls was 1290 c.c. ; they ranged from 1210 

 to 1360 c.c; the highest was considerably below the mean capacity of male European 

 crania. 



This analysis of the series of fourteen specimens of Thugs shows that no cranium 

 was brachy cephalic, in only four the cephalic index was above 75, and the highest of 

 these was 7 7 "8. Ten were dolichocephalic, and of these two were hyperdolichocephalic, 

 and the nasio-malar index was not platyopic. It is obvious therefore that the 

 professional stranglers were not drawn from the brachycephalic Mongoloid tribes which 

 occupy the districts along the Himalayan frontier. As a narrow leptorhine nose was 

 found in only a small proportion of these skulls, and as the nasal index was for the 

 most part either mesorhine or platyrhine, it would seem as if these people had Dravidian 



