CRANIOLOGY OF PEOPLE OF INDIA. 289 



E. Younghusband, K.C.I.E. One without the lower jaw was labelled as the skull of a 

 typical inhabitant of Lhasa ; the other, with the lower jaw attached, judging from the 

 clothing and hair, was regarded as that of a Kham warrior from Eastern Tibet. They 

 were picked up on the sites where engagements had been fought between the Tibetan 

 forces and the British troops during the recent campaign. 



Lhasa. Table V. 



The skull from Lhasa was that of an adult male. The cephalic index was 79*3, and 

 the cranium, though not numerically brachy cephalic, so closely approximated thereto 

 in form and proportion, that it should be referred to that group. 



Norma verticalis. — The outline was broadly ovoid, and the frontal longitudinal arc 

 was 4 mm. longer than the parietal, the vertex was not flattened, and the cranium had a 

 well-marked slope from the sagittal line to the parietal eminences. The side walls 

 were slightly bulging ; the parietooccipital slope was steep, though not abrupt ; the 

 occipital squama was not flattened and projected slightly behind the inion. The 

 parieto-squamous breadth was 7 mm. more than the interzygomatic. The skull was 

 cryptozygous. 



Norma lateralis. — The forehead was wide and flattened from side to side, it had 

 only a slight backward slope, and the frontal eminences were moderate. The glabella 

 and supraorbital ridges were not prominent. The nasion was not depressed. The 

 bridge of the nose was low, flattened, and it projected so little at the tip that the 

 concavity upwards was very shallow. The nasal bones were 26 mm. long. 

 The interorbital width was 24 mm. The frontal longitudinal arc was 22 mm. 

 longer than the occipital arc. The cranium rested behind on the cerebellar fossae 

 of the occiput (PI. IX., figs. 46-48). 



Norma facialis. — The floor of the nose was separated by a low, smooth border from 

 the incisive region of the maxilla. The maxillo-nasal spine was feeble. The anterior 

 nares were broad and indicated wide nostrils during life, but as the height of the nose 

 was long in proportion, the nasal index worked out as mesorhine. The upper jaw 

 projected a little and the index was mesognathous, 100. The maxillo-facial index, 55 - 5, 

 was leptoprosopic, owing to the length of the superior maxilla. The canine fossae were 

 deep. The wide interzygomatic and intermalar diameters, the low, flattened, nasal 

 bridge, the upper orbital border almost transverse, the malar border being in a plane 

 only slightly posterior to the bridge of the nose, the nasio-malar index 105'1 and the 

 markedly platyopic face were characteristic. The upper and outer borders of the orbit 

 were not thick : the orbital aperture was rounded and megaseme. The palato-maxillary 

 region was moderately wide and the index was brachyuranic. The teeth were fully 

 erupted, not much worn, and not stained with betel. 



The sagittal suture was partially obliterated at the obelion. The other sutures were 

 distinct, the parieto-squamous had an epipteric bone. No 3rd condyl or paracondylar 



