304 



PRINCIPAL SIR W. TURNER ON 



Eight of these crania are from natives of India and Ceylon, and, with the possible 

 exception of the Thugs, are Dravidians. They range in the length-height diameters 

 from 405 in the Veddahs to 493 in the Bhumij skull. 



In one of the Thugs, No. 130, these diameters were equal to the same measure- 

 ments in the Mid-Lothian skull, but, as the latter was brachycephalic, its breadth 

 was greater in the frontal and parieto-squamous regions, and the cubic capacity was 

 1440 c.c. as compared with 1218 in the Thug. 



The perpendicular line drawn from the nasio-bregmatic chord to the inner table 

 of the frontal arc in the Bhumij skull, in which the frontal region was well arched, 

 was 25 mm. In the Veddah, Gond, Munda, and Pan Cole crania it was below 20 ; in 

 the Thug, No. 130, in which the forehead was retreating, it was only 16 mm. ; but in 

 No. 131 it was 21 mm., which, as well as the length to a point on the outer table, was 

 the same as the corresponding diameters in the large Shetland cranium. 



Attention has been called by craniologists to the relation of the three factors which 

 make up the longitudinal circumference of the skull. Two of these, viz. the length of 

 the foramen magnum and the basi-nasal diameter, together constitute the base line of 

 Cleland,* and their proportion to the total longitudinal arc has been estimated. In 

 this memoir I have made a similar calculation, which is embodied in Table VII., and 

 I have added, for purposes of comparison, dimensions of Scottish and Australian skulls 

 given in my memoir on Scottish crania.t 



Table VII. 





Tamil 



Sudras. 



Pariahs. 

 134-2 



Badaga. 

 135 



Thugs. 

 133 



Veddahs. 



Lhasa. 



Kham. 



Seistanis. 

 A.B. 



Scottish. 



Aus- 

 tralian. 



139-8 



| Mean base line, 



132-3 



130 



127 



140 



143 



1343 



„ longitudinal 























arc, 



362-4 



357-7 



376 



364 



360 



382 



374 



364-5 



376-5 



380-4 



,, longitudinal cir- 























cumference, . 



494-7 



492- 



511 



497-3 



491 



509 



514 



507-5 



510-8 



520-2 



„ base line to long. 























arc, 



2-7 



2-6 



2-78 



2-7 



2-7 



3- 



2-6 



2-5 



2-8 



2-7 



„ base line to long. 























circumference, 



3-7 



3-G 



3-78 



3-7 



3-7 



4- 



3-6 



3-5 



3-8 



3-7 



The range in the proportion of base line to the longitudinal arc varied from 3 in 

 the Lhasa to 2*5 in the Seistani, the latter of which had relatively the longest base 

 line. The Lhasa skull in the proportion of the arc to the base line was considerably 

 greater than in the skull from the Kham province and than the mean of the Scottish 

 skulls. Little variation existed in the proportion of base line to arc in the Indian 

 crania, Tamil Sudras, Pariahs, Badaga, Thugs and Veddahs, which were approximately 

 27, about the same figure as in the Australian crania. The proportion of the base line 



* Cleland, Philosoplncal Transactions, p. 122, 1869 , Cunningham, Transactions Royal Dublin Soc, vol. v. 1895. 



t Turner, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xl. part iii., 1903. 



X Where the- number permitted more than one skull to be measured, the mean of the group is given in the Table. 



