578 PROFESSOR J. C. EWART 



cranium as in the three-year-old Prejvalsky horse, which implies that "Roman-nosed" 

 Hackneys have inherited some of their characters from the Steppe variety. 



One of the best known Indian breeds of horses is the Kattiawar. This breed, 

 according to Major-General Tweedie, is remarkable for its hardy constitution, power of 

 endurance, and indomitable temper. Ridge way says : " There can be no doubt that the 

 Kattiawar horse is a cross between the dun-coloured horse of Upper Asia and the Arab, 

 and, the better bred, the more of the latter blood there is in their veins." I recently 

 received from Lord Arthur Cecil the skull of a Kattiawar mare imported from 

 India some years ago. When alive, this mare looked as if saturated with Arab blood, 

 but she had the indomitable temper characteristic of her race. 



An examination of the skull (fig. 3) indicates that the Kattiawar breed has been 

 mainly derived from the Steppe and Forest varieties — that the Forest horse has 



Fig. 3. Lateral view of the skull of a Kattiawar mare. In this skull the ace is not so bent on the cranium as in Prejvalsky's 

 horse (fig. 1), but it is more arched between the highest point of the cranium and the distal parts of the nasal bones, and 

 the face is relatively longer — nearly as long as in the bent Roman skull (PI. II. fig. 7). This skull is especially inter- 

 esting because in its measurements it closely approaches the skull of the English race-horse Orlando, ram-headed Barbs, 

 and horses of Sanson's Dongola strain, and the numerous Arabs with a prominence extending some distance above and 

 below the level of the orbits. The shortness of the post-orbital region, taken along with the great length and the curvature 

 of the face, clearly indicates that at least some of the Kattiawar horses are intimatelj' related to Prejvalsky's horse. 



contributed in some cases to the making of this Indian breed is indicated by the length 

 of the body. But the long neck and oblique shoulders usually met with in Kattiawar 

 ponies clearly indicate that they include, amongst at least their more recent ancestors, 

 horses of the Plateau type. 



A very considerable number of Arabs resemble the Kattiawar mare in having a 

 prominence between the eyes, while the Dongola variety described some years ago 

 by Sanson, as well as many Barbs, might almost be described as ram-headed. It may 

 be confidently predicted that in Arabs and Barbs, and other horses of the Oriental type 

 with a convex profile, the skull will be found to be more or less bent on the cranium — 

 a sure indication of descent from ancestors akin to Prejvalsky's horse. 



In skulls of Irish hunters the profile is often convex and the face strongly bent on 

 the cranium. This implies that Irish hunters are often saturated with Steppe blood, 



