592 DR MARSHALL AND MR W. A. JOLLY 



(1904), however, state that in attempting to remove the testes of fowls the organs in 

 some cases broke up, minute fragments being left behind, and, becoming attached to 

 the adjacent viscera or abdominal wall, continued to produce spermatozoa and act as 

 functional glands. In these cases it would appear that transplantation was unintention- 

 ally affected. 



Ovarian transplantation has been practised or attempted by various gynaecologists, 

 surgeons and others. The grafts in some instances are described as having been success- 

 ful ; but histological descriptions of the transplanted ovaries are often omitted, and these 

 when they are given are very rarely illustrated by figures. The only attempt, so far 

 as we are aware, adequately to illustrate microscopic sections of transplanted ovaries, 

 appears to be that of Limon (1904), whose experiments in grafting do not seem to have 

 been so successful as our own. 



The cases described by Morris (1896), Dudley (1897), and Glass (1899), in which 

 ovaries were grafted into women whose own ovaries had been previously removed, have 

 been mentioned in our previous paper (1905). It should be noted, however, that no 

 record has been made (at least, so far as we are aware) of the further history of these 

 cases since they were first published, and, although they have been described as success- 

 ful, in the absence of post-mortem examination there is no direct evidence that this was 

 the case. 



The case recently described by Morris (1906) in which a woman with a grafted 

 ovary (her own ovaries having been extirpated) is said to have become pregnant and 

 given birth to a child about four years after the operation, is still more problematical. 

 A possible explanation of this case is that a portion of one of the woman's own ovaries 

 had been accidentally left behind at the time of the operation of removal and had 

 subsequently undergone hypertrophy and given rise to the ovum, which afterwards 

 became fertilised, just as in the cases described by Doran referred to above. If this be 

 the true explanation, there is no need to assume that the transplanted ovary had become 

 functional. Morris states that the woman did not menstruate until four months after 

 the transplantation had been effected, and then menstruated at irregular periods. There 

 is no post-mortem evidence that in any of these cases the graft had been successfully 

 attached. 



Cramer, of Bonn (1906), has recently recorded a case in which the ovary of a woman 

 suffering from osteomalacia was removed and transplanted into a second woman whose 

 genital organs were much atrophied. The operations were performed simultaneously. 

 As a result of the transplantation the genital organs of the woman in whom the ovary 

 was grafted are said to have become normal, menstruation started once more, and the 

 breasts secreted colostrum. The author regards this case as affording further evidence 

 that transplanted ovaries can maintain their functions. 



The earliest attempts to transplant ovaries in animals seem to have been those of 

 Romanes, who refers to them in Darwin and After Darwin, vol. ii. (1895). These 

 experiments were unsuccessful. 



