670 MR JAMES MURRAY 



collections from Spitsbergen and Franz Josef Land were very rich, and included many 

 species not previously recorded from the Arctic Regions, and several new to science. 



The anticipation that the Tardigrade fauna of Scotland would show some distinct 

 relation to that of the Arctic Regions was borne out by the results of our comparative 

 studies. It was already known that in the Crustacea of the plankton of the Scottish 

 lochs there was a very conspicuous Arctic element. As the Tardigrada are not 

 swimmers in open waters, however, the conditions governing their distribution are 

 probably quite different from those affecting the plankton Crustacea. 



Even on the mainland of Scotland there were several species of Tardigrada only 

 previously known in the Arctic Regions, such as Echiniscus spitsbergensis, E. wendti, 

 E. oihonnse, Macrobiotus echinogenitus ; but it was only when the Shetland Islands 

 were visited that we learned how extensive was the correspondence between Scotland 

 and the most northern lands known. 



Including several species which were discovered in Shetland, there are now 14 

 species known which are common to Scotland and one part or other of the Arctic 

 Resions and are unknown elsewhere. 



No doubt, when the Tardigrada of other countries are better known, it will be found 

 that many of those species are not restricted to northern lands. Already it is known 

 that M. echinogenitus has an almost world-wide range, and E. mutabilis also ranges far 

 in more southern lands ; but in the present state of our knowledge the close corre- 

 spondence between Scotland, Spitsbergen, and Franz Josef Land is remarkable. 



In all Mr Bruce's collections 28 species of Tardigrada were identified and 4 others 

 were studied. Three new species and two new varieties are here described. 



Spitsbergen. 



Previous to the publication of Scourfield's short list of Tardigrada in 1897 (15), 

 the only record of a Spitsbergen Tardigrade is that of Goes, who in 1862 recorded 

 a species of Macrobiotus somewhat doubtfully as M. dujardinii, Doy. 



Scourfield found 6 species in moss collected by Dr J. W. Gregory during Sir W. 

 Martin Conway's Expedition in 1896 (15). There were 3 known species : — Echiniscus 

 arctomys, Ehr., Macrobiotus hufelandii, C. A. S. Schultze, and M. tuberculatus, Plate ; 

 1 new species, E. spitsbergensis ; and 2 which were not identified. One of these, 

 according to Scourfield's notes, would appear to have some resemblance to M. sattleri 

 and M. papillifer ; the other, with narrow pharynx, is doubtless a Diphascon, very 

 probably D. spitsbergensis, Richters. 



Schaudinn (13) in 1901 describes 1 new species, E. spiculifer. 



Richters, who examined moss collected on Wendt's Expedition, published in 1903 

 a preliminary list (11) and in 1904 a fuller list (12) comprising 16 species, most of 

 which were previously unknown in Spitsbergen and 7 were new to science. 



