790 SIR WILLIAM TURNER, THE CRANIOLOGY OF THE NATIVES OF BORNEO, 



Land Dyaks. Table II. Plate II. 



The Land Dayaks chiefly occupy the Sadong and Sarawak river districts and extend 

 into Dutch Borneo. They are described as having the skin of a reddish or yellowish 

 brown colour, the hair black and worn generally long, the eyes black, the nose flattened 

 at the bridge and wide at the nostrils ; the face broad ; in stature the men range from 

 5 feet 2 inches to 5 feet 5 inches, rarely 5 feet 7 inches, whilst the women are from 

 4 feet 6 inches to 5 feet. They file the teeth, which are stained of a black colour. They 

 are head hunters, and the heads are kept in houses specially built for their reception, in 

 which the bachelors live. 



Dr Adamson sent me the skull of an adult male Land Dayak from Sarawak, which 

 was not smoke-stained and had no loops of cane attached to it. The lower jaw was absent. 



Norma verticalis. — The skull was somewhat elongated in relation to the breadth, and 

 the cephalic index, 76*3, was in the lower term of the mesaticephali. The vault was a 

 little ridged in the sagittal line and had a marked downward slope to the moderate 

 parietal eminence, below which the side walls were almost vertical. The parieto-occipital 

 slope was not abrupt and the occipital squama scarcely bulged behind the inion. The 

 skull was phsenozygous. 



Norma lateralis. — The forehead receded slightly, the glabella and supraorbitals were 

 moderate in projection, and the latter did not blend with the outer upper border of the 

 orbit ; the frontal was flattened above the external orbital process. The nasion was 

 scarcely depressed. The parietal longitudinal arc was the longest, the occipital the 

 shortest. The skull rested behind on the cerebellar region of the occipital bone. 



Norma facialis. — The nasal floor was separated from the incisive region by a low 

 ridge, the incisive and canine fossae were deep, the maxillo-nasal spine was feeble. The 

 anterior nares were moderately wide and the index, 49 '1, was mesorhine. The mid-length 

 of the nasal bones was 25 mm. The nasio-malar index was 106*1 and the face was 

 mesopic. The maxillo-facial index, 52*4, showed a relatively narrow, leptoprosopic face, 

 and the interzygomatic breadth was 132 mm. The upper jaw was orthognathous. The 

 orbital aperture was round and the megaseme index was 100. The hard palate was 

 shallow, the palato-maxillary index was hyperbrachyuranic. The teeth were slightly 

 worn and not stained with betel. 



The sutures of the cranial vault were simple and were to some extent obliterated. 

 The right half of the occipital squama formed a large triquetral bone, partially fused 

 with the rest of the squama. The pterion was normal. No special variations were 

 seen at the base of the skull. 



Although the cephalic index, 76 '3, was in the lower term of the mesaticephalic group, 

 the general form of the cranium was dolichocephalic;* the vertical index, 75*1, hypsi- 

 cephalic, was less than the cephalic, and the breadth and height index was 98. The 

 internal capacity of the cranium was 1230 c.c. 



* Mr Haddon states, op. cit., p. 322, that the cephalic index of the skull of a Land Dyak in the Cambridge 

 Museum was 71 3. 



