794 SIR WILLIAM TURNER, THE CRANIOLOGY OF THE NATIVES OF BORNEO, 



narrow. In both, the occipital longitudinal arc was the shortest, the parietal the 

 longest. The skulls rested behind on the cerebellar fossae of the occipital. 



Norma facialis. — The floor of the nose was separated by a low ridge from the 

 incisive region ; the maxillo-nasal spine was moderate, the incisive fossae were moderate, 

 and in N the canines were deep. In M the anterior nares were relatively narrow, the 

 nasal index, 48, being leptorhine : in N the index, 54'2, was platyrhine. The nasio- 

 malar index ranged from 103 to 107'5, and the mean was 105*2, platyopic. 



The complete facial and maxillo-facial indices were computed in M and seen to be 

 leptoprosopic, and in N the maxillo-facial was almost in the same group ; the propor- 

 tions of length and breadth gave a narrow-faced skull. In M the incisive region 

 projected forwards and produced an alveolar prognathism, although the gnathic index, 

 96 '9, as determined by Flower's method, placed it in the orthognathic group ; in N the 

 index, 102'2, was mesognathous. In M the orbital index, 86*8, was mesoseme, but in N 

 the aperture was rounded and the index, 100, megaseme. In both skulls the hard palate 

 was moderate in depth, and the palato-maxillary index was hyperbrachyuranic. The 

 teeth were betel-stained ; the crowns were much flattened in M, but less so in N. 

 The lower jaw in M had strong masculine characters. 



The cranial sutures were simple and unossified, without Wormian bones in the 

 lambdoid ; the right jugal process in M and both jugals in N had a short pointed 

 paracondylar process. In M the styloid process was ossified to the temporal, and 

 there was a right epipteric bone. In M the basi-bregmatic height was 1 mm. more 

 than the greatest breadth of the cranium, but in N it was 13 mm. less : the mean 

 cephalic index, 85*9, of the two crania exceeded the mean vertical index, 82, 

 hypsicephalic, which is the rule in brachycephalic skulls, and the mean breadth - 

 height index was 95 '2. The internal capacity of the cranium of Tali was 1350 c.c., 

 but that of N was only 1180 c.c, a capacity which is more in accordance with that 

 of the female than the male skull. 



Malays. Table II. Plate IV. 



The Museum does not contain any Malay skulls from Borneo with which to contrast 

 the skulls above described. Several specimens are indeed marked Malay without any 

 further information, but as their history is obscure I do not dwell on them. Two 

 Malay skulls which have a definite history are worthy of description. One, from a 

 man who had died in hospital in Calcutta, was given to me more than twenty years 

 ago, along with the other bones of the skeleton, by Lieut, -Col. Douglas D. Cunningham, 

 M.D., F.R.S., and the skeleton, the skull excepted, was described in my memoir in 

 the Challenger Reports* The other was presented to me, along with the pelvis, in 

 1889 by the late Dr Wm. Duncan Scott, medical officer in Perak, Malay Peninsula. 

 They were parts of the skeleton of a male Malay, said to be about 26 years old, who 



* Zoology, part xlvii., 1886, — part ii., the Bones of the Skeleton. 



