THE MALAYS, THE NATIVES OF FORMOSA, AND THE TIBETANS. 795 



had lived near the junction of the Perak and Chenderiang rivers. The lower jaw was 

 present. These skulls are marked P and C in Table II. 



Norma verticalis. — The cranial outline in P was broadly ovoid, the cephalic index, 

 80'9, was brachycephalic ; in C the outline was rounded, and the index, 92*6, was 

 hyperbrachycephalic. They had no sagittal ridge, and the slope of the vault to the 

 parietal eminences was moderate, below which the side walls were a little convex. The 

 parieto-occipital slope in P was steep, and the occipital squama projected behind the 

 inion, possibly there was slight occipital flattening ; in C the slope of the parieto- 

 occipital region was vertical from the parietal foramina, and the artificial flattening was 

 so marked that the occipital squama did not project behind the inion. The skulls 

 were cryptozygous. 



Norma lateralis. — In P the forehead was almost vertical, in C it somewhat 

 receded ; in both the frontal eminences were distinct, and the bone was flattened above 

 the upper border and external process of the orbit ; the glabella and supraorbital ridges 

 were moderate, and the nasion was slightly depressed ; the nasal bridge was feeble, the 

 profile outline was concave; in C the mid-nasal length was 32 mm., in P, with a deeper 

 concavity, 26 mm. The occipital longitudinal arc was the shortest, the frontal and 

 parietal were almost equal. The skulls rested behind on the mastoids. 



Norma facialis. — The floor of the nose was smoothed down into the incisive region ; 

 the maxillo-nasal spine was moderate ; the incisive and canine fossae were moderate : in 

 P the nasal index, 49" I , was mesorhine, in C the nasal height in relation to the width 

 was greater and the index, 48, was leptorhine ; the nasio-malar indices showed the profile 

 of the nose to be mesopic. The complete facial index in P was chamseprosopic ; in C 

 mesoprosopic, in which the interzygomatic diameter was 145 mm. ; in both the maxillo- 

 facial index was leptoprosopic. The gnathic index, as determined by Flower's method 

 in P, was mesognathous, in C orthognathous. though to the eye the upper jaw in C had 

 a forward projection. The orbital aperture was rounded, megaseme ; the interorbital 

 diameter was 26 and 24 mm. respectively ; in P the supraorbital foramina had complete 

 bony walls. The palatal arch in P was 18 mm. deep opposite the second molar, in C it 

 was shallower ; in both the palato-maxillary index was hyperbrachyuranic. In P the 

 teeth had all erupted except the upper wisdoms, the crowns were worn and flattened by 

 use, especially the incisors, the flattened biting edges of which were in contact with each 

 other when the mouth was closed.* In C the crowns were also much worn, though the 

 edges of the incisors were not so closely adapted as in P ; the teeth were deeply stained. 

 The lower jaw was strong, the chin was square and projecting, the angle was well defined. 



The cranial sutures were simple and no sutural bones were present. The mastoids 

 and the temporal curved lines were well marked, the inion and occipital curved lines 

 were feeble ; in P the styloids were ossified to the temporals, and each vaginal process 



* I may refer to my paper on the relations of the Dentary Arcades in the Crania of Australian Aborigines 

 (Journ. ofAnat. and Phys., vol. xxv. p. 461, 1891) for an account of this character in certain races. I may state that 

 I have twice seen the adaptation of the biting edges of the incisors in Scottish students of my anatomical class. 



