THE MALAYS, THE NATIVES OF FORMOSA, AND THE TIBETANS. 799 



Ajar, Land Dyaks, Muruts, Dusuns, Dalits, etc. Hose, Shelford and Haddon have 

 orouped these tribes together by the general name Kalamantans, a term derived from 

 the natives of Sarawak, who give the name Pulo Kalamantan to Borneo. Hose and 

 Shelford group the Punans with the Kalamantans, although the latter are agriculturists 

 and have a higher social organisation than the nomadic Punans. The Kalamantans 

 had probably migrated into Borneo, either from the Asiatic Continent or from the 

 groups of islands to the eastward, at some unknown period. 



The observations recorded in the earlier pages of this memoir enable one to speak 

 of the cranial characters of the Muruts, Dusuns, the Dalit Dusun, who form so con- 

 siderable a proportion of the inland population of North Borneo, and also the Land 

 Dyak from Sarawak. The cephalic index in the ten skulls examined ranged from 69 '9 

 ill a Murut to 78 in the Tegahas Dusun, and the mean of the series was 7 4 '8. 

 Five of the skulls had the index below 75, and were distinctly dolichocephalic in form 

 and proportions ; in the other five the greater relative breadth placed them in the 

 mesaticephalic group, and of these three were below 77. In four specimens the vertical 

 index exceeded the cephalic, in one these indices were equal, in four the cephalic index 

 was the greater; in the entire series the mean vertical index was 7 4 '6, fractionally 

 lower than the mean cephalic, and not showing so large a difference as is customary in 

 dolichocephalic crania. The nasal index ranged from 46 to 54 ; three were platyrhine, 

 two were leptorhine, five were mesorhine ; the mean of the entire series, 50, was 

 mesorhine. The gnathic index in nine skulls, as determined by Flower's method, 

 ranged from 90 to 101 ; seven were orthognathous, two were mesognathous, and 

 the mean of the series, 94 "8, was orthognathous. 



The interzygomatic breadth ranged from 127 to 139 mm. and the mean was 130*6 mm. ; 

 the nasio-alveolar length ranged from 62 to 69 mm. and the mean was 65 '2 ; the maxillo- 

 facial index ranged from 47 '5 to 52*4 ; no specimen was chamaeprosopic, four were mesopro- 

 sopic, the majority were leptoprosopic, with relatively narrow faces, to which group the 

 mean index of the series, 50, is to be referred. The nasio-malar index ranged from 106*1 

 to 1 1 1 "4 ; no specimen was platyopic or flat-faced, i.e. with the index below 106, two were 

 pro-opic, index above 110, the majority were mesopic, which was the mean index, 108 "6, 

 of the series, the profile of the nose having a moderate projection. The orbital index 

 ranged from 85 to 100; no skull was microseme, three were mesoseme, seven were 

 megaseme ; the mean of the series, 92*5, was also megaseme, with rounded orbits. The 

 palato-maxillary index ranged from 103*5 to 140 mm.; only one specimen had the arch 

 long in relation to the breadth, dolichuranic ; the rest had relatively wide arches and were 

 brachy- or hyperbrachyuranic. 



From this summary of the characters of the skulls in these Kalamantan tribes it 

 may be stated that they were dolichocephalic or approximated thereto ; whilst in some 

 the height was more than the breadth, in others the reverse was seen, but in the crania 

 as a whole the mean height and breadth were almost equal. The nose was moderately 

 wide at the anterior nares and not greatly flattened at the bridge. The face was not 



