THE MALAYS, THE NATIVES OF FORMOSA, AND THE TIBETANS. 803 



procured at or near the coast; from 78*3 to 787 in three specimens, of which two were 

 from the coast. 



MM. De Quatrefages and Hamy, in their classical treatise,* state that nine 

 crania from Borneo, most of which are from the south of the island, are in the Paris 

 Museums, and of these four were dolichocephalic or subdolichocephalic, with the length- 

 breadth index ranging from 72'4 to 74*8 ; three were brachycephalic and the correspond- 

 ing index varied from 80 '2 to 84*2. In table xlv. they have summarised the characters 

 of eleven male "Dyak" skulls. The mean index of length and breadth was 77 '5, of 

 length and height 75 '8, of breadth and height 98 - 5. Swaving is quoted as saying,t 

 the mean cephalic index of ten Dyak skulls from the interior of Dutch Borneo is 74*5. 



The Museum in Amsterdam, formed by the Professors Vrolik, J contains a skull 

 from Sambas on the west coast of Borneo, which was brachycephalic. Also eight 

 skulls marked "Dyak," two of which were decorated with tin foil; of these one, 

 apparently from Banjermassin, is said to be brachycephalic, also one from Kahayan to 

 be dolichocephalic. Three marked "born at Banjermassin" and three without definite 

 locality are also said to be dolichocephalic, but in none of the specimens is the cephalic 

 index stated. 



The crania comprised in the London, Amsterdam and Paris Museums, along with 

 those in the University of Edinburgh Anatomical Museum now described, show that 

 the coasts of Borneo are inhabited by people, as a rule, brachycephalic or approxi- 

 mating thereto, a character which indicates that they are either true Malays, or have 

 Malay affinities and descent. On the other hand, the Kalamantan tribes who occupy 

 the interior of the island, details of whose cranial characters are supplied in this 

 memoir, are dolichocephalic in form and proportions. The cross-breeding which doubt- 

 less to some extent takes place between the people of these two different types would 

 account for those skulls which possess the intermediate mesaticephalic characters. 



BOTANS OF FORMOSA. Table III. Plates IV., V. 



About twenty years ago my friend the late Dr John Anderson, F.R.S., presented to 

 me four skulls from the Island of Formosa. They had been collected on a field of 

 skirmish between the Botans and Japanese, by an American naval officer attached to the 

 Japanese military expedition to that island in 1874-5. The heads had been decapitated 

 by the Japanese soldiers, and the skulls were prepared for the American officer, in whose 

 custody they remained until he presented them to Dr Stuart Eldridge, by whom 

 they were given to Dr Anderson. In 1877 Dr Eldridge read "Notes on the Crania 

 of the Botans of Formosa" to the Asiatic Society of Japan, which were printed in 

 pamphlet form, a copy of which I received along with the skulls from Dr Anderson. 



* Crania Ethnica, Paris, 1882. 



t Quoted by I. H. F. Kohlbrugge in L' Anthropologic, t. ix. p. 2, 1898. 



\ Catalogue of the Vrolik Museum, by J. L. Dusseau, Amsterdam, 1865. 



