THE MALAYS, THE NATIVES OF FORMOSA, AND THE TIBETANS. 807 



end of the island are occupied by the Paiwan group, of which the Botans or Bootangs 



are apparently members.* The Paiwans practise tattooing, they wear a disc of wood in 



the lobule of the ear, and are head hunters, the heads being stored in enclosures of stone 



near the houses. Consul E. Swinhoe, who travelled in the southern part of the island, 



named the aborigines who inhabit the mountains Kalees.t He describes the people as 



brown or yellowish brown, the eyelids drawn down at the inner angle, eyes far apart, nose 



of moderate size, neither broad nor flattened, heads shaved, hair plaited into short 



queues. He considered them to resemble the Tagal people of Lucon in the Philippines. 



Dr Schetelig described four skulls from Formosa.} Two of these from the north-east 



coast were from a tribe which he states is named Shekwan by the Chinese, a term which 



is synonymous with Sek-hoan, the cooked barbarians of the plain, as the semi-civilised 



tribes are sometimes called § in contra-distinction to the Chhi-hoans, raw barbarians of the 



mountains, or unsubdued savages. Schetelig stated that these people had a yellow 



complexion, dark heavy hair, dark eyes, well-shaped oval eyelids, broad nostrils, broad 



faces, broad prominent cheek-bones. The skulls were oval in outline, not flattened 



on the roof, the mean cephalic index was 72, the mean vertical index 76'1, i.e. more 



than the cephalic ; the skulls were therefore dolichocephalic, and, as is the rule in this 



group, the height exceeded the breadth. These skulls differed therefore materially in 



the proportions of the cranium from brachycephalic Malays and brachy- or mesati- 



cephalic Chinese. Scheteltg also gives a brief account of two skulls obtained, it was 



said, from a hill tribe in the south of Formosa, which had been so much injured that 



only partial measurements could be taken; the mean cephalic index was 81 "5, and the 



vertical index, in the only one in which it could be accurately computed, was 7 6 '7. He 



was of opinion that these skulls showed Malayan affinities, more especially to the wild 



tribes of Lucon. He considered them to resemble a Malayo-Philippine type. 



In regard to the question of the presence of a Negrito element amongst the abori- 

 gines of Formosa, Swinhoe hinted at the possibility of the wildest of the mountain 

 tribes being of dwarf stature and allied to the Negritos, though he guarded himself by 

 saying that he had not seen them. A. B. Meyer has discussed with much detail and 

 acumen || the distribution of the Negritos in the Philippine Islands and beyond them. 

 He does not concur in the opinion that Negritos formed a part of the aboriginal inhabitants 

 of Formosa, and he has also been led to the conclusion that their presence in Borneo 

 had not yet been proved. Dr G. L. Mackay, who spent many years as a missionary in 

 Formosa, and lived for weeks at a time in the villages, made careful inquiries among the 

 mountain tribes in the far south, in the centre and in the north of the island, and was 



* In Consul Davidson's map the most southerly members of this group are named Koaluts. 



t Report of British Association, p. 129, Birmingham meeting, 1866. Proc. Roy. Geogr. Soc., vol. x. p. 122, 1866. 



X Trans. Ethnol. Soc. London, vol. vii. p. 215, 1869. I have computed the indices from the measurements recorded 

 by Schetelig in his table i. 



§ From Far Formosa, by G. L. Mackay, D.D., p. 93, Edinburgh and London, 1896. Pioneering in Formosa, by 

 W. A. Pickering, C.M.G., p. 65, London, 1898. 



|| The Distribution of the Negritos, Dresden, 1899. 



