808 SIR WILLIAM TURNER, THE CRANIOLOGY OF THE NATIVES OE BORNEO, 



definitely told that there were no woolly -haired races within the mountains, or anywhere 

 else in the island.* From tradition and physical characters, he is of opinion that the 

 aborigines are of Malayan origin, and are descendants of emigrants from the Malay 

 Peninsula and the islands of the China Sea. He states that in the practice of tattooing, 

 in head hunting, in their dress, ornaments and houses, and in their ancestral worship they 

 are akin to the hill tribes of Borneo. As with the Kalamantan tribes in Borneo, their 

 heads are dolichocephalic or approximating thereto, and not brachycephalic, a charactei 

 to which due consideration requires to be given when their possible Malayan origin is 

 under discussion, 



INDONESIANS. 



The islands off the south and south-east of Asia and the adjacent parts of that 

 continent are peopled by four types of men — Mongolian Chinese, Malays, Negritos, and 

 Indonesians. The Mongols, Malays and Negritos are brachycephalic or approximating 

 thereto in cranial form and proportion. The term Indonesian, suggested by J. R. 

 Logan, was employed by M. Hamy in 1877+ to express aboriginal people properly 

 belonging to the great islands of the Indian Archipelago, and it has even been extended 

 so as to include the brown-skinned Polynesians of the easternmost islands of the Pacific. 

 As the Polynesians and some of the tribes in the Indian Archipelago have crania of the 

 brachycephalic type, the term Indonesian would therefore be held to embrace races whose 

 skulls are brachycephalic in proportions. Other anthropologists, again, and in this 

 I am disposed to concur, employ the term to designate tribes in whom the head and 

 skull are dolichocephalic in form and proportion, or approximating thereto, J with a meso- 

 rhine nose, brown skin, varying in the depth of tint, long, straight, black hair, short 

 stature, 5 ft. 2 in. to 5 ft. 4 in. The Kalamantans of Borneo are typical Indonesians. 

 The Battaks of Sumatra are also regarded as Indonesians : MM. De Quatrefages 

 and Hamy refer to the skull of a Battak in a museum in Gottingen with the 

 cephalic index 70 '1 ; to two others in the Batavian Museum with almost the same 

 proportions; the specimen in the Barnard Davis collection had the index 77. Kohl- 

 brugge states that the Tenggerese, a mountain race in Java,§ are Indonesians. His 

 measurements were not on skulls, but on living people, and he gave the mean cephalic 

 index of 130 individuals, 79*7, mesaticephalic, which in the skull would have yielded 

 an index about 77. In Timor, Celebes || and other islands of the Archipelago Indonesian 



* From Far Formosa (op. cit.). 



t E. T. Hamy, "Les Alfourous de Gilolo d'apres de nouveaux renseignements," in Bull. Soc. de ge'ogr. de Paris, 6th 

 serie, t. xiii. p. 491, 1877 ; also "Les races Malai'ques et Americaines," in L' Anthropologic, t. vii., 1896. J. Deniker, 

 The Races of Men, London, 1900. 



{ In previous Memoirs ■ (Trams. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxxix. p. 744, 1899, and vol. xl. p. 596, 1903) I have noted 

 the importance of dividing the mesaticephali into two groups, those with index below 77'5 ai>proximate to the 

 dolichocephali, whilst those with index above 77"5 approximate to the brachycephalic type. 



§ I J Anthropologic, t. ix. p. 1, 1898. 



|| Since this memoir was in type I have, through the courtesy of Drs Paul and Fritz Sarasin, received a copy of 

 the Memoir of Dr Fritz Sarasin, Versuch einer Anthropologic der Jnsel Celebes, Wiesbaden, 1906. An elaborate account 



