810 SIR WILLIAM TURNER, THE CRANIOLOGY OF THE NATIVES OF BORNEO, 



great islands from Sumatra to Formosa, although modified in some localities by 

 intermixture with Negrito, Malay, Chinese, and even Arab blood. 



Turning now to the southern part of the Asiatic Continent we find in the Malay 

 Peninsula three definite types of men.* The Semangs, a typical Negrito race, 

 brachycephalic, with black skins, short woolly hair, broad flat noses, eyes open, not 

 oblique, low stature, 1491 mm. ; the Malays, some civilised, others savage, brachy- 

 cephalic, with dark yellow or copper-coloured skins, long straight smooth hair, flattish 

 nose, wide nostrils, high cheek-bones, eyes moderate in size, rarely oblique, stature a 

 little higher than in the Semangs ; the Sakais, or Senoi as Professor Rudolf Martin 

 prefers to name them,t are dolichocephalic, skin from dark brown to yellowish brown, 

 hair long, black, wavy, nose not so broad and flat, high cheek-bones, eyes small, 

 horizontal, stature slightly more than in the Semangs. In their physical characters the 

 Sakais correspond in head form with the Indonesians, whilst the colour of the skin and 

 the character of the hair are not unlike in the two, but in stature they are a pigmy race. 



Two Selung skulls brought from the Mergui Islands on the west coast of the 

 Malay Peninsula by Dr John Anderson, which I measured at his request, | had the 

 cephalic index 76'3 and 76*6 respectively; in the male the cranial height was more 

 than the breadth, but in the female a little less, probably a sexual difference ; in 

 one the nose was mesorhine, in the other platyrhine. Although the index was 

 mesaticephalic, it was in the lower term of that group, and pointed to the affinity of the 

 people with a long-headed race. The skin was reddish brown, darker and not with the 

 olive tint of the Malays, the hair long, coarse, black, with sometimes a tendency to curl, eyes 

 black and slightly oblique. The Selungs show in some respects Indonesian characters, 

 with possibly a Malay intermixture. A proportion of the people of the Nicobar Islands 

 would seem to be dolichocephalic. The savage tribes, named by Deniker § the Mois, 

 who occupy in Cambodia the country between the Mekong river and the coast of 

 Annam, are dolichocephalic, about 5 ft. 2 in. in stature, skin yellowish brown, hair 

 more or less wavy, eyes straight, and they have apparently Indonesian characters. 



The hill districts to the north of Burma are occupied by tribes known as Lushais, 

 Chins, and Nagas,|| the crania of which are, as a rule, dolichocephalic or approximating 

 thereto, and I have described crania from Upper Burma itself possessing definite 

 dolichocephalic form and proportions. From Colonel Waddell's measurements of the 

 heads of the people in the Brahmaputra valley IF it is obvious that in some of these 



* See the writings of Nelson Annandale, Rudolf Martin, and Messrs Skeat and Blagden already referred 

 to in note on p. 797. Also my memoirs on Indian Craniology, Part ii., chapter on the Sakai, in Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., 

 1901 ; W. L. H. Duckworth, Studies from the Anthropological Laboratory, Cambridge, 1904. 



t The term Sakai is used by many travellers as a generic term to include all the pigmy wild tribes in the Malay 

 Peninsula. In the subdivision of these into groups, whilst one is named Seniang, it is advisable, as Martin suggests, 

 thai another term than Sakai should be applied to another of the subdivisions, hence his name Senoi. 



I My description of the skulls, now in the Anatomical Museum of the University of Edinburgh, is included in 

 Dr Anderson's memoir on the Selungs of the Mergui Archipelago, London, 1890. 



g The R«ces of Men, London, 1900. 



|| I have described their crania in Part i. of my contributions to Indian Craniology, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., 1899. 



1 Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, vol. lxix. pt. iii., Calcutta, 1901. 



