THE MALAYS, THE NATIVES OF FORMOSA, AND THE TIBETANS. 811 



tribes the skulls would be dolichocephalic, and I have elsewhere described the skull of 

 a Kham warrior from Eastern Tibet which was distinctly dolichocephalic. 



In the Island of Ceylon the Veddahs are a pronounced dolichocephalic people. In 

 the form of the cranium, and in their long, black, wavy hair, the Veddahs have affinities 

 with the Sakais (Senoi) of the Malay Peninsula. In India itself the Tamils and Pariahs 

 of southern India, the Gonds, Oraons, Paharias, Mundas, Kols and Bhumij of the 

 Central Provinces constitute, under the collective name of the Dravidians, a definite 

 portion of the population, and possess marked dolichocephalic skulls.* 



It is obvious, therefore, that both in the groups of islands and in the southern part 

 of the adjacent continent, in addition to such well-marked brachy cephalic types as the 

 Negritos, Malays and Mongolians, people with skulls dolichocephalic in form and pro- 

 portions are widely diffused. The dolichocephalic people, though corresponding in the 

 character of the cephalic index, vary amongst themselves in some other respects. The 

 nose, though not leptorhine, is often platyrhine as in the Dravidians, but mesorhine 

 in other tribes ; the face is sometimes low, chamseprosopic, at others relatively longer 

 and narrower, leptoprosopic ; the orbits in some are low, microseme, in others more 

 rounded, megaseme ; the upper jaw is either ortho- or mesognathous, seldom prognathous. 

 The palato-maxillary arch is usually brachyuranic. The skin varies in colour from 

 dark brown, or almost black, in the Dravidians to a lighter or even yellowish brown in 

 the islanders ; the hair is black, long, straight, though occasionally wavy ; the stature 

 is generally from 5 ft. to 5 ft. 4 or 5 in., but in the Sakais (Senoi) it is below 5 feet or 

 pigmy. Subject to these modifications, a general physical type prevails in these scattered 

 dolichocephalic people, one which in many respects corresponds with that so often 

 referred to as Indonesian. It is not unlikely that they may in the main have a common 

 descent, though, owing to their wide diffusion in southern Asia and the adjacent islands, 

 which has brought them into close contact with such potent races as the Mongols, 

 Malays, Negritos, Melanesians, and even Polynesians, they have become modified, and 

 the character of the modification has been influenced by that of the race with which 

 an intermixture of blood has been effected. 



Even if we were to give as wide an interpretation to the term Indonesian as is above 

 indicated, there would be no difficulty in differentiating them from the dolichocephalic, 

 black skinned, black frizzly haired, platyrhine, prognathic Melanesians, or from the 

 dolichocephalic, black skinned, black straight haired, platyrhine, prognathic aborigines 

 of the Australian Continent. 



In writing this chapter on the Indonesians I have confined myself to the con- 

 sideration of the physical characters which bear on the affinities of the several tribes, 

 and I have made no reference to the important subject of linguistic relations, a 

 department of anthropology outside the range of my studies. I would only remark 

 that although the Malay tongue and its dialects are spoken throughout the Archipelago 

 and as far north as Formosa, both by Malays and Indonesians, this, in itself, does not 



* See for measurements and other details my memoirs on Indian Craniology already referred to. 



