814 SIR WILLIAM TURNER, THE CRANIOLOGY OF THE NATIVES OF BORNEO, 



Norma lateralis. — The forehead was almost vertical, the glabella and supraorbital 

 ridges were feeble, the nasion was not depressed, the nasal bones in the mesial line 

 were 23 mm. long ; the bridge was not keeled, the nose was flattened at its root and 

 projected so slightly in front of the outer borders of the orbits that the nasio-malar 

 index was only 102, and the nasal profile was markedly platyopic. The interorbital 

 width was 23 mm. The frontal longitudinal arc was the longest, the occipital was 

 the shortest. The cranium rested behind on the cerebellar fossae, which were unusually 

 bulging. 



Norma facialis. — The maxillo-nasal spine was moderate and the floor of the nose 

 was smoothed off into the incisive region. The canine fossae were deep. The anterior 

 nares were wide and the nasal index was in the upper mesorhine group, 51*9. The 

 upper jaw was somewhat prognathic, but the displacement of the basion interfered with 

 the normal measurements from that region, and the gnathic index, computed by 

 Flower's method, was 115 6. The face was wide, the cheek bones were prominent, 

 and, as the vertical diameter of the maxillae was small, the maxillo-facial index was 

 chamaeprosopic. The interorbital width was 23 mm. and the orbital apertures were 

 round and megaseme, index 100. The palate was shallow and elongated, the index, 

 105*6, was almost dolichuranic. The teeth were lost except a right molar, the crown 

 of which was worn. The cranio-facial index was 73. 



The cephalic index, 79 "2, placed the skull in the higher term of the mesaticephalic 

 group, and the vertical index, 56' 1, was remarkably low, but, owing to the osteological 

 peculiarities of the cranium already described, the measurements of length, breadth and 

 height were affected, and their respective indices cannot be relied on as giving definite 

 racial characters ; though, as the sutural bones had influenced both the length and breadth 

 of the cranium, it is possible that the lambdoidal and squamosal ossicles may partially 

 counterbalance each other in their effect on these two dimensions (PL V. fig. 25). 



There can be no doubt that the skull C is dolichocephalic in form and proportions. 

 In length, breadth, height, horizontal and vertical transverse circumference, nasio-malar, 

 cranio-facial and maxillo-facial indices, it is closely allied to the measurements of the 

 Kham warrior described in my previous memoir. It differs from it in the orbital and 

 palato-maxillary indices being somewhat less, and in the nasal and gnathic indices being 

 larger, so that the relative width of the anterior nares and the projection of the upper 

 jaw are greater. The two skulls corresponded, however, with each other in so many 

 important characters that there seems little doubt that the skull C from Gyantse was of 

 the same race as the one from the Kham province. 



Owing to the variations in the cranial bones, already described, in D, it is probable 

 that the race type in it is modified and concealed by the special characters of the skull. 

 It would, however, seem as if it approximated to the brachycephalic type, and was, 

 perhaps, a cross between the broad-headed Mongolian and the long-headed race which 

 obviously constitutes an important element in the population of Tibet. 



The bowl or cap which accompanied the two skulls had evidently been carefully 



