842 MR JAMES MURRAY ON 



M. dispar, had the special outer case. They are elliptical bodies, usually dark yellow- 

 in colour, but sufficiently transparent to allow the internal organs to be seen. Their 

 surface is less regular than that of the inner case of M. dispar, with which they seem 

 to be homologous ; it is usually more or less wrinkled, and the wrinkles form a regular 

 pattern, as in the cyst of M. echinogenitus (fig. 16a). 



M. echinogenitus, Richters. — Cysts were abundant in moss brought from Spits- 

 bergen by Mr Wm. S. Bruce in August 1906. One cyst was found in a bog pond on 

 Blantyre Moor, near Glasgow. In neither case did I notice any reduction of the 

 internal organs. The example figured (fig. 1 6a), which I identify as M. echinogenitus 

 by its claws, was found in a pond at Nerston, near Glasgow. It was empty when 

 found, and is figured to illustrate the symmetrical wrinkling of the surface, which 

 differentiates the cyst from an ordinary skin. Professor Richters has sent me 

 a photograph of the cyst of M. hufelandi, which appears to be wrinkled in a 

 similar manner. 



Claws were attached to this cyst, which rarely occurs, in my experience. 

 M. oberhduseri, Doy.(?) — Two different cysts of animals resembling this species, but 

 not positively identified, are figured. Fig. 15 is an oval cyst, narrowed towards the 

 posterior end, with a smooth, unwrinkled skin, and .the internal organs not reduced. 

 The pharynx is quite like that of M. oberhduseri, but the two pairs of claws are not so 

 dissimilar as in that species. 



Fig. 17 shows a slightly larger cyst, wrinkled, and not narrowed to one end. The 

 claws are as in M. oberhduseri, but the pharynx differs slightly, the second rod being 

 slightly longer than the first (an unusual condition), and there is a comma. 



Diphascon. — Cysts of this genus have been seen, but I have no notes throwing any 

 light on this subject. 



Echiniscus. — Cysts of this genus have long been known to me, but not being 

 aware of their nature, no study was made of them. Since beginning the investigation 

 of encystment, many cysts of one species, E. arctomys, Ehr., have been found in moss 

 from Uganda, sent to me by Mr N. D. F. Pearce, of Cambridge. These cysts were 

 similar to those of Macrobiotics, elliptical, and without limbs or processes. The con- 

 tained animal was red. 



E.perarmatus, MURRAY (27). — This species, recently discovered among moss sent to 

 me by Mr Wm. Milne of Uitenhage, Cape Colony, is a common species in South Africa. 

 In moss received from Mr Milne in April 1907, I found several cysts. One is figured 

 (Plate I. fig. 6). It is elliptical, and lies loosely within the ordinary skin of the 

 animal. There is no outer case, as in M. dispar. There is no trace of external limbs 

 on the cyst, and when subjected to pressure, it was found that there were within the 

 case no limbs, pharynx, or other recognisable organs. The cyst is filled by a dark red 

 granular mass, almost opaque, and in the centre is a darker, umber-brown tract 

 (stomach?)- 



