234 MR HAROLD AXEL HAIG ON 



removal of the liver, by which organ they are largely concealed ; the stomach is 

 placed with its long axis nearly parallel to the long axis of the foetus, and possesses 

 a well-marked cardiac extremity lying with its fundus pressed against the diaphragm, 

 and a pyloric end which is narrow and passes by a sharply curved portion into the 

 first part of the small intestine. The lesser curvature of the stomach looks towards 

 the ventral aspect, the greater curvature and fundus are dorsally situated, whilst 

 a peritoneal fold, the representative of a great omentum, is attached to the whole 

 length of the larger curvature ; the lesser curvature and the duodenum have 

 passing between them a narrow peritoneal sheet, which holds up the duodenum so 

 that its first part runs parallel with the stomach. 



The stomach is an inch and a half in length, and at its cardiac end is joined by 

 the oesophagus, the latter being a somewhat wide tube, two inches long and quarter 

 of an inch in diameter. 



The first part of the small intestine (duodenum) makes three bends, and possesses 

 four distinct portions, the first of which is parallel with the smaller curvature of the 

 stomach, whilst the second, third, and fourth divisions enclose a portion of peritoneum, 

 between the layers of which the pancreas is held in position. The coils of small 

 intestine proper are already many in number, and their general arrangement may be 

 made out by reference to PL XXI. fig. 1. 



With regard to the large intestine, the position of the caecal pouch is noteworthy : 

 this pouch is placed opposite the level of the third bend of the duodenum, being con- 

 nected with the latter by a short fold of peritoneum. No sign of a vermiform ap- 

 pendix is to be made out ; as a matter of fact, this organ is not seen in the full-grown 

 animal.* 



(iv.) The spleen (PI. XXI. fig. 6) has a situation upon the left side of the abdomen, 

 parallel to the greater curvature of the stomach and attached to this by a fold of 

 peritoneum ; in thickness this organ does not measure more than one-eighth of an inch, 

 but in length exceeds two inches. There are no notches in either its ventral or its 

 dorsal edge, and the hilus occupies a large proportion of a ridge forming its inner 

 margin which lies close to the stomach ; the outer surface of the spleen is grooved 

 by two or three of the posterior ribs. 



(v.) The kidneys (PI. XXI. fig. 4). — These organs are somewhat elongated oval 

 bodies lying low down at the back of the abdominal cavity and close to the middle 

 line ; each kidney belongs to the type common to the Pinnipedia, viz. the per- 

 manently subdivided type, where the organ is made up of a large number of anatomi- 

 cally distinct renal pyramids, t the secreting tubules of which open into a common 

 pelvis, from which latter a ureter conducts the secretion to the urinary bladder. 



In this specimen there are in each kidney about two hundred and forty small 



* Hepburn (Trims. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xlviii. part i., No. 3, 1913) regards the csecal diverticulum as a combined 

 caecum and vermiform appendix, 

 t " Renculi " of German authors. 



