332 PRINCIPAL SIR WILLIAM TURNER ON 



and in rare cases a fourth was included in a group. The third or fourth hair was 

 much smaller than the lesser of the two larger hairs, and the papilla from which it 

 sprang had not sunk so deeply in the cutis as was the case with the larger hairs. 

 In these sections other important changes in the cutis had taken place, the collections 

 of fat cells were not present, the coils of sweat glands had disappeared, though the 

 excretory ducts could be seen at intervals cut across in their course to the surface, 

 and a new and important factor, the sebaceous glands had appeared. These glands 

 were grape-like in character and consisted of several vesicles which opened into a 

 common duct (fig. 28). The vesicles contained the nucleated secreting cells, some of 

 which showed the characteristic granular fatty secretion of the gland. The gland 

 duct opened into the funnel-shaped depression which also received the hair as it 

 emerged from its follicle. 



The implantation of the hair in the scalp of a straight-haired aboriginal from 

 South Australia was then compared with the woolly -haired Negro. In sections through 

 the skin, perpendicular to the surface, the hairs and follicles were seen for the most 

 part placed vertically and directed straight from the deep part of the cutis to their 

 emergence through the epidermis. Some follicles were, however, oblique in direction 

 and had consequently been obliquely divided. The follicles were not curved. The 

 deep ends of the follicles were not all at the same depth, but as a rule they were in 

 direct line with the axis of the hair and the papillae were vertical : in some specimens, 

 however, this end was bent a little to one side, so slightly indeed as not to affect the 

 curvature of the hair. In many specimens the whole length of the imbedded hair 

 was present in its follicle, and at its emergence it was not acutely bent on the scalp 

 (fig. 26). If a follicle had been obliquely divided, only a portion of the hair could be 

 seen at one time. Most of the hairs in the follicles were marked by dark lines or spots 

 as if pigmented, but a small proportion were almost colourless. It was noted that the 

 coils of the sweat glands did not lie deeper than the hair follicles, and that in places 

 they were found in close relation to the deeper vesicles of the sebaceous glands, the 

 latter of which were large and almost reached the Malpighian layer of the epidermis. 



In transverse sections through the deeper part of the cutis in the Australian the 

 hair follicles were scattered singly in the connective tissue (fig. 29). Some were cut 

 across through the bulb in which the nucleated cells, soft and distinct, had not become 

 cornified. In others cornification had taken place. The cells of the two divisions of 

 the root sheath were well defined. A few scattered tubes of sweat glands were seen. 

 In sections not so deep the follicles and cornified hairs were lying in pairs, one hair 

 being somewhat larger than the other ; the sweat glands were more numerous. As 

 the sections approached the cuticle the grouping of the follicles became more marked, 

 three hairs were usually grouped together, though a much smaller fourth was some- 

 times seen. The sebaceous glands were large and close to the follicles, and as the 

 intermediate connective tissue was reduced in amount, the section was largely made 

 up of the glands and follicles (fig. 30). The gland vesicles were distinct and lined 



