340 PRINCIPAL SIR WILLIAM TURNER ON 



The hairs were usually black and so opaque that the structure could not be accurately 

 differentiated ; sometimes, however, hairs permitted some light to be transmitted, 

 when either no medulla was seen, or occasionally a black medullary band, enclosed 

 by the less opaque cortex, formed the axis of the hair. 



Easter Island. — The shaft in the individual hair was uniform in breadth, until it 

 began to taper to the tip ; it showed no trace of a twist such as one sees in the Ulotrichi, 

 and was a good example of a straight smooth-haired race. The breadth of the shafts 

 and of their cut ends averaged about '07, the shaft in its broadest part ranged from 

 "07 to '087 and it was not twisted. The hairs were in shades of brown, though in 

 mass they were black brown, and the dark spots and lines in the fibrous cortex were 

 well marked. Many hairs consisted of cortex with its cuticular covering, but in others 

 a dark axial medulla could also be seen, which had a tendency to break up into small 

 divisions (fig. 33, E). 



Summary. 



1. The locks of hair in the Ulotrichi are characterised by being either short and 

 woolly, or moderately long and frizzly. Three factors combine to produce hair of 

 this character : 



(a) A curved, and not a straight, follicle in the cutis ; and a consequent curve 

 of the contained hair, which emerges at an acute angle to the surface of the scalp. 



(b) The hair shaft in transverse section is not cylindrical, but oval, elliptical, or 

 kidney-shaped, one diameter of which forms the maximum breadth of the shaft, whilst 

 the shorter diameter at the end of the section expresses the depth of the section. 



(c) Each hair shaft is twisted on itself, and when placed on a flat surface it lies 

 alternately on its lateral maximum diameter and on its shorter diameter. 



(d) The individual hairs after their emergence collect into locks in which the 

 hairs are spirally curled. When the spiral is strongly compressed the locks arc 

 short and woolly ; when it is more open the locks are longer and more like narrow 

 ribbons or cords. 



(e) The hair is either black or brownish black, though sometimes it is artificially 

 bleached to a light or yellowish-brown tint. 



2. The Tasmanians in the character of the hair belonged to the Ulotrichi. The 

 hair shafts flattened laterally had broader and shorter diameters, the difference 

 between which is expressed by a moderate hair index ranging from 63 to 68. The 

 shaft was not a narrow band continued in one plane, but was twisted on itself, was 

 oval or elliptical in transverse section, and rested, when lying on a plane surface, 

 alternately on its broader and shorter diameters. The hairs, as attached to the seal]), 

 wiie at times moderately long and arranged in slender ringlet or cord-like locks, in 

 which they formed a compact spiral coil, though, when the hair had been cut short, it 

 presented the appearance of matted curls ; in colour it was black or brownish black. 

 Ajs in only one of my specimens a portion of the scalp had been preserved, and that 



