ClOj— CI . 



K. 

 . 1-101 



Rb. 

 1-163 



BrOj— Br . 



. 0-608 



0-601 



IO3-I . 



. -0-583 



- 0-727 



SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND DISPLACEMENT OF SOME SALINE SOLUTIONS. 139 



another in the salt dissolved is given in the preceding table. We do not here find so 

 close an agreement between the numbers in a line, nor between those in the same 

 column, but the agreement is still near enough to prevent any ambiguity as to which 

 line or column a series belongs. Moreover, the columnar differences are all positive, 

 while the line differences are all negative. We may further note that with the replace- 

 ment of Rb by Cs and K by Cs the columnar differences decrease with an increase in 

 the molecular weight of RO3, while replacing K by Rb causes irregular changes in the 

 displacement. With the line differences the replacement of CIO3 by BrOg and CIO3 

 by IO3 causes an increase with an increase of the atomic weight of the metal ; but with 

 the replacement of BrOg by IO3 the changes in the displacement are irregular. 



§ 60. The next effect to consider is that produced by the addition of the three oxygen 

 atoms to the salts of the halides to form the corresponding salts of the oxyhalides. 



Cs. 

 1-194 



0-638 



-0-772 



In order to do this the above table has been constructed, in which the differences 

 between the corresponding salts of the halides and oxyhalides for the same metal are 

 entered in vertical columns. If we imagine that in a solution of 1/16 KCl + 1000 grams 

 of water at 19-5° C. we add sufficient oxygen to the chloride and so produce KCIO3 

 in solution, the operation is accompanied by an addition to the displacement of 

 I'lOl Gt ; if the same operation be performed on a 1/16 grm.-mol. solution of the 

 bromide of the same metal, the increase in the displacement is only 0"608 G-x ; and if 

 we treat a solution of the iodide in the same way it produces a diminution in the dis- 

 placement of -0"583 Gt. An inspection of the changes occurring when the three 

 corresponding salts of rubidium and caesium are similarly treated shows us that they 

 behave not only in an analogous manner, but that the amount of the change in each 

 case is almost the same as that observed with the potassium salts, increasing slightly 

 with the atomic weight of the metal. 



This action of the three atoms of oxygen upon the displacements of solutions of 

 1/16 grm.-mol. of the halides in 1000 grms. of water at 19-5° C. is peculiar, since in 

 each case we have added the same weight of oxygen, namely, 3 grams, and the effects 

 produced by it are similar in the salts with the same acid but different bases, but differ 

 when the acid in combination with the same base is varied. 



§ 61. ^ General Comparison and Summary of the Variation in the Values of 

 the Mean Increment of Displacement for Dilute Solutions of Salts of the two 

 Enneads MR and MRO^ {where M may he K, Rb, or Cs, and R may he CI, 

 Br, or I). — This comparison includes: — 



(a) The variation produced by successive dilutions of a solution of an individual salt. 



(h) The character of the variation in the case of the whole series of solutions of 

 salts of the two enneads. 



(c) The variation with the molecular weight. 



