OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 649 



far off these islands. One (No, 34) comes from 161 fathoms off the coast of Coats 

 Land. The remaining forty-four samples are all true deep-sea deposits from the S. 

 Atlantic Ocean and Weddell Sea. 



General Description according to Gteggraphical Distribution. 



A. Betiveen the Falkland Islands, S. Orkneys, and the Sandwich Group. — Nine 

 samples were obtained from this area, which is one of great interest from the point of 

 view of the bottom deposits, owing to the rapid transitions which must occur from one 

 type to another. Unfortunately, for reasons mentioned already, their number is small, 

 and some of them were obtained only in very small quantities, so that exact determina- 

 tions were not always possible. 



On the Burdwood Bank, towards its eastern end, the one specimen obtained (No. 

 29), taken in conjunction with the character of the material brought up by the trawl, 

 which contained large numbers of foraminifera and other calcareous organisms, but 

 practically no mud, indicates that this point is beyond the edge of the belt of terri- 

 genous muds surrounding the S. American continent, and within the Globigerina ooze 

 zone. 



In lat. 56° 54' S., long. 56° 24' W., at a depth of 1946 fathoms (No. 28), 

 a Globigerina ooze was obtained, containing 24 per cent, of CaCOg with characteristic 

 cold water forms of foraminifera — viz., G. dutertrei and G. pachyderma — dominant, but 

 also most of the foraminifera characteristic of the S. Atlantic Globigerina oozes. The 

 mineral particles in this sample form 40 per cent, of the whole, and are largely 

 volcanic in their origin. Between this point and the S. Orkneys, two samples (Nos. 27 

 and 26&), although marked on the chart as lying M'ithin the Diatom ooze band, might 

 more properly be described as volcanic muds or sands, the mineral particles, chiefly of 

 volcanic origin, constituting such a large proportion of their bulk. It is possible that 

 these three samples are the product of submarine volcanic activity in the neighbour- 

 hood ; but, on the other hand, they are quite within the range of distribution by ice 

 and winds of the active volcanoes and volcanic rocks of the S. Shetlands and W. 

 Antarctica. 



"The siliceous organisms in No. 266 (lat. 59° 23' S., long. 49° 08' W., 2180 fathoms) 

 form 15 per cent, of the deposit, but consist as largely of radiolaria as of diatoms. A 

 few miles to the south-east (No. 26a, lat. 59° 43' S., long. 48° 10' W., 2110 fathoms) 

 the percentage of siliceous organisms (again containing a fair proportion of radiolaria, 

 although relatively less) falls to ten, and the deposit approximates in character to 

 an Antarctic terrigenous deposit (glacial mud). It seems doubtful whether a really 

 typical Diatom ooze is to be obtained in this neighbourhood. Further to the east 

 (samples Nos. 3 and 4 obtained on the Scotia's first voyage southward in lat. 58° 22' S., 

 long. 45° 00' W., 1698 fathoms, and lat. 59° 32' S., long. 43° 10' W., 2307 fathoms) 

 the indications point to the bottom material being more like the classical type of 



