OF THE SCOTTISH NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION. 673 



and G. pachyderma ; but there are also considerable numbers of more northern species 

 of Bolivina, Bulimina, Uvigerina, Trancatulina, Pulvinulina, and Nonionina. 

 Arenaceous forms are conspicuously rare. The trawl at this station brought up a large 

 number of small rock-fragments of considerable variety, some of them showing fine 

 glacial striae. 



In 41° 30' S., 9° 55' W., not far to the south of Gough Island, the percentage of 

 CaCOg rises to 71, and the coccoliths and rhabdoliths are present in addition to 

 foraminifera. A large number of species of foraminifera are present, although the 

 cold-water surface Globigerinidse are easily the most abundant ; all forms tend to be 

 of small size, and the others are few in number individually, although of many varieties. 

 Arenaceous species are not abundant. To the east of Gough Island, almost midway 

 between it and the Cape of Good Hope, in 40° 08' S., 1° 50' E., and in 39° 48' S., 

 2° 33' E., the CaCOg falls to 46 per cent, and 40 per cent, respectively, while the "fine 

 washings " (clayey matter principally) rise to 50 and 56 per cent. The depth here is 

 over 2600 fathoms, and the bottom material shows an approach to the Red clay, an 

 area of which lies to the west and south-west of the Cape of Good Hope. The pelagic 

 foraminifera are here similar to the previous samples ; the benthoic calcareous forms are 

 considerably less numerous. 



Diatom Ooze. 



The circumpolar Diatom ooze band was crossed by the Scotia in two regions, viz. 

 to the north of the S. Orkneys and along the meridian of 10° W. long. In the former 

 area, where the Diatom ooze band is undoubtedly a narrow one, five samples were obtained 

 which might fall under this heading, but only one was procured under circumstances 

 allowing of full identification. This sample. No. 266, from lat. 59° 23' S., long. 49° 08' 

 W., 2180 fathoms, contains 15 per cent, of siliceous organisms, chiefly diatoms, but also 

 a good many radiolaria. There are a large number of mineral particles of volcanic 

 origin, a feature still more pronounced in No. 27, obtained a little to the north-west ; 

 so that these specimens, although included in the Diatom ooze area, might, with perhaps 

 greater accuracy, be described as volcanic sands. It is the influence of the volcanic 

 activity in the S. Shetlands and neighbouring parts of the Antarctic continent which 

 is doubtlessly making itself felt here. 



Along the meridian of 10° W. long, three samples of Diatom ooze were obtained, 

 from 56° 58' S., 51° 07' S., and 48° 06' S.— the centre one of these three being the 

 only Diatom ooze, however, corresponding to the classical type of this form of deposit, 

 i.e. of a light straw colour when wet, almost pure white when dry, very like the finest 

 flour in appearance and to the touch, with very little cohesion, and composed pre- 

 dominatingly of the siliceous skeletons of diatoms. The most southerly is a transitional 

 form to volcanic sand, coming within the influence of the S. Sandwich group ; the most 

 northerly, to Globigerina ooze. The amount of lime in these three shows an interesting 

 transition from nil in the inost southerly, through 9 per cent, in the centre, to 55 per 



