( 705 ) 



XIII. — Contributions to the Craniology of the People of the Empire of India. — Part 

 IV. : Bhils, Frontier Tribes of Burma, Pakokku Tribes, South Shan Tribes, 

 Tibetans. By Principal Sir William Turner, K.C.B., D.C.L., F.R.S., President 

 of the Society, Knight of the Royal Prussian Order Pour le Merite. (With Three 

 Plates and Figures in Text.) 



(Read June 2, 1913. MS. received July 7, 1913. Issued separately October 17, 1913.) 



PART IV. 



CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



Introduction 705 



Bblls 705 



Comparison with skulls of other Dravidian tribes 709 



Sagittal contours 712 



Frontier tribes of Burma 719 



Pakokku district 719 



Chinboks . 



Taungtha . 



Yaws . 



South Shan tribes 

 Tibetans 

 Explanation of Plates and Figures in Text 



PAOE 



719 

 723 

 725 

 727 

 731 

 734 



Introduction. 



In continuation of my studies on the Craniology of the people of the Empire of 

 India, of which three parts have already been published in the Transactions of the 

 Society, I propose in Part IV. to give an account of the Bhils, a wild tribe occupying 

 the jungle in some districts of Central India ; also skulls of some of the frontier tribes 

 of Burma from the Chin Hills to the South Shan States, with some supplementary 

 observations on the skulls of Tibetans. The skulls are preserved in the Anatomical 

 Museum of the University of Edinburgh. 



BhTls. Table I. (Plate XII.) 



The Bhils or Bheels are a pre- Aryan, Dravidian people of Central India, inhabiting 

 the Vindhya, Satpura, and Ajanta Hills, and distributed through Maiwar, Malwa, 

 Khandesh, and Gujarat. The total numbers were stated in the Census of 1901 as 

 206,934. The men who live in the hills wear only a loin-cloth, with a whisp round the 

 head, but the women are better clothed. Both sexes, when dwelling in the plains, are 

 often Hinduised and are clothed like their neighbours the Hindus. Their food consists 

 largely of jungle roots, fruits, vermin, and common grains, though deer, sheep, fowls 

 and lish are also eaten. Surgeon Hendley described '^ the Bhils of Maiwar as having 

 almost black skins ; hair black, straight, thick, long ; face smooth, moustache slight, beard 

 scanty ; eyes large, dark, prominent, palpebral fissure small ; nose broad, sunk at the 



* Journ. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 1875, part 1, p. 347, vol. xliv. 

 TRANS. ROY. SOC. EDIN., VOL. XLIX. PART III. (NO. 13). 



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