710 



PRINCIPAL SIR WILLIAM TURNER ON 



able to measure three or a greater number of specimens. Table 11. enables a com- 

 parison of these proportions, to be seen. 



Table II. — Dravidian Tribes. 





Bhils, 



Gonds, 



Kols, 



Mundas, 



Bhuiya, 



Oraons, 



Tamil 

 Sudras, 

 9 skulls. 





skulls. 



4 skulls. 



5 skulls. 



9 skulls. 



3 skulls. 



3 skulls. 



Mean base-line .... 



132 



128-8 



132 



129-8 



134-6 



132-3 



132-3 



„ longitudinal arc . 



347-8 



374-5 



367-2 



361-6 



369-6 



371-3 



362-4 



,, „ circumference . 



446-5 



503-2 



498-2 



491-4 



504-3 



503-6 



494-7 



,, base-line to longitudinal arc 



2-63 



2-13 



2-7 



2-78 



2-74 



2-8 



2-7 



„ ,, ,. ,. cir- 

 cumference .... 



3-37 



3-9 



3-7 



3-78 



367 



3-8 



3-7 



1 



The actual length of the base-line, total longitudinal arc and circumference varied 

 and had a relation to the size of the skulls in each group. It will be noted, however, 

 that the mean difference in its length ranged from only 128'8 in "the Gonds to 134*6 

 in the Bhuiya; that of the longitudinal arc from 347 "8 in the Bhils to 374'5 in the 

 Gonds ; that of the longitudinal circumference from 446 "5 in the Bhils to 504"3 in the 

 Bhuiya. The proportion of the base-line to the total longitudinal arc, which was lowest, 

 2*13, in the Gonds, was highest, 2'8, in the Oraons, in which tribe this arc therefore had 

 the longest relative diameter. The proportion of the base-line to the total longitudinal 

 circumference was lowest in the Bhils, 3 '3 7, and was highest, 3 '9, in the Gonds. 



In my Challenge!' Report on the Human Crania collected during the voyage* 

 I analysed the several indices which had been computed, with the object of ascertaining 

 the range of variation in each group of skulls, chiefly Australians and Pacific islanders, 

 along with some Bushmen and Fuegians. I have adopted a similar method in the 

 study of the skulls in these Dravidian races, and the results are arranged in Table III. 

 The numerals in the several columns express the range of variation in the series of 

 skulls examined in each race. 



Table III, — Dravidian Tribes. 



Cephalic Index 

 Vertical ,, 

 Cnathic ,, 

 Nasal ,, 



Orbital ,, 

 Palato-maxillary Index 















Tamil 



Blnls. 



Gonds. 



Kols. 



Miindas. 



Bhuiya. 



Oraons. 



Sudras. 



3-8 



5-6 



4-1 



6-4 



6-3 



7-1 



5-2 



7-8 



2-6 



4-4 



3-8 



9-1 



2-7 



69 



3-8 



7-5 



8-5 



7-9 



5-8 



0-7 



4-1 



14-5 



7-9 



6-2 



9-6 



0-2 



6-4 



12-0 



12-3 



2-7 



7-2 



22-1 



18-7 



5-9 



25-3 



12-8 



23-5 



25-0 



14-3 



6-2 



14-3 



21-5 



The Table shows that the range of variation in these tribes in the series of cranial and 



* Zool., Challenger Exp., part xxix. p. 126, 1884. 



