CRANIOLOGY OF PEOPLE OF INDIA. 725 



ing, the alveoli were shallow, the muscular markings feeble, the angle obtuse, and the 

 mental foramen was below the interval between the first and second milk molar teeth. 



The skull of the child differed materially in its relative proportions from that of 

 the adult male, and was so immature that its characters can have little value in 

 determining the race. The adult corresponded in its relative dimensions with the 

 Chinboks, and as they are also said to agree in language, they are doubtless of the 

 same race. 



Yaws. Table VI. (Plates XIII. , XIV.) 



The Yaws live in the Yaw Valley subdivision of the district of Pakokku. The 

 skulls received were from the Yawdwin township, situated to the east of the Chin Hills. 

 The Yaws are sometimes regarded as a Burmese tribe ; the Shans claim them to be 

 Shans, and they may be the earlier owners of the land. Some are civilised through 

 contact with the Burmese. In the Census of 1891 only 370 returned themselves as 

 pure-blooded Yaws, and the writer in the Gazetteer thinks that before long they may 

 disappear as a separate entry in the Census. Skulls collected in this district probably 

 therefore represent people of mixed race. 



The four skulls marked Yaw were apparently three males and one female. They 

 had reached adult age, and two were advanced in years. The skull of the female 

 retained the lower jaw. They differed materially in the cranial relations of length and 

 breadth. Two males were definitely brachycephalic, a third male was mesaticephalic, 

 77'1, approximating to dolichocephalic, and the female was in the dolichocephalic 

 group, 74'2. 



The brachycephalic crania, Nos. 24, 25, had the cephalic index 82 '3 and 8 5 "5 

 respectively. In the norma verticalis they were rounded in outline, not ridged in 

 the sagittal region, the vault sloped downwards moderately to the parietal eminences, 

 and the widest diameter was in the parieto-squamous region. The parieto-occipital 

 slope was steep and flattened from side to side in the occipital squama, though without 

 definite evidence of artificial flattening during infancy. The inion and crista were 

 strong in one but not in the other, the skulls were cryptozygous. 



Norma lateralis. — The facial or lower forehead receded somewhat more in one than 

 in the other. The glabella and superciliary ridges were moderate, and the latter were 

 differentiated by a notch from the supraorbital border ; the torus supraorbitalis was 

 not formed, the transverse supraorbital depression was slight, the supraorbital trigone 

 was flattened. The frontal eminences were moderate and the bone was not metopic. 

 The nasion was not depressed, the nasal bones projected only slightly, the bridge 

 was slightly keeled in one, but not in the other. The internasal suture in one was 

 21 mm., in the other 26 mm. long. The frontal longitudinal arc was the longest, 

 in one the parietal arc was the shortest, in the other the occipital arc. The mastoids 

 were moderate, and the skulls rested behind on the cerebellar part of the occipital bone. 



Norma facialis. — In one the lateral border of the anterior nares was sharp and 



