728 PRINCIPAL SIR WILLIAM TURNER ON 



In Part I. of these Indian memoirs I referred to the description of the Shans in the 

 Keng Tung district given in Mr J. G. Scott's Report.* He stated that the Kwi formed 

 a numerous hill tribe. The Kaw (Akha) had more the Chinese type of face and ate 

 dogs. The Wa were in part savages and head-hunters. The Wild Wa were said 

 to have darker skins than the Tame Wa, and were about 5 feet 5 or 6 inches in 

 stature. 



Of the five skulls of the Keng Tung tribes, apparently only one (Tame Wa) was a 

 male. It was an adult. One female (Tai Loi) was adult ; another (Mu Hso) was aged ; 

 another (Kwi) was adolescent, the wisdoms had not erupted and the basi-cranial joint 

 was not closed; in another (Akha) the facial bones were much injured, but the teeth 

 had erupted. The lower jaw was absent in each skull. 



Norma verticalis. — The male skull of the Tame Wa was broadly ovoid and 

 moderately elongated, cephalic index 77*3. The others, presumably females, were 

 more rounded, and the index ranged from 797 to 8 4 '8. The sagittal line was neither 

 keeled nor depressed. In the Tame Wa the vertex sloped rapidly to the parietal 

 eminences ; in the females it was not so steep and the transverse parietal arc was more 

 rounded. The parietal eminences, though distinct, were not prominent except in No. 5, 

 and the side walls below them were almost vertical. The parietal foramina were either 

 almost or quite obliterated. In the male the parieto-occipital slope was not so abrupt 

 as in the females. In the Kwi the post-parietal region and occipital squama were 

 much distorted and flattened on the right, obviously from sustained artificial pressure 

 in infancy. The supra-inial squama slightly bulged ; the inion and occipital curved 

 lines were moderate in the male, feeble in the females. The skulls were cryptozygous. 



Norma lateralis. — In the male the lower or facial forehead receded ; the glabella 

 and superciliary ridges were moderate, each ridge was separated from the supraorbital 

 border by a shallow supraorbital notch, sufficient to prevent a continuous torus supra- 

 orbitalis ; the supraorbital trigone and the transverse supraorbital depression were 

 moderate. In the females the facial part of the frontal approached the vertical, the 

 frontal eminences were moderate, the glabella and superciliary ridges were feeble, the 

 supraorbital trigone was less distinct and there was no supraorbital transverse depres- 

 sion. No skull was metopic or had a mesial frontal keel. In the Kwi the artificial 

 flattening had forced the left frontal somewhat backwards. The nasion was not 

 depressed. In the male the lower end of the nasal bones projected forwards and the 

 nasal profile was distinctly concave upwards ; in the females these bones did not project 

 and the nasal profile was flattened. The mesial nasal suture ranged in length from 

 21 to 24 mm. The greatest width of any nasal bone was 9 mm. Except in the Akha 

 the parietal longitudinal arc was the longest ; in all the females the occipital arc was the 

 shortest ; in the male the occipital and frontal longitudinal arcs were equal. The 

 mastoids were feeble, and with two exceptions the skulls rested behind on the convex 

 cerebellar part of the occiput. 



* Report on Administration of Shan States, 1889, 1890, and 1892-93. 



